{"NOAAStudyId":"20433","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-08-11","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-20433.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":487,"earliestYearCE":1463,"entryId":"noaa-cave-20433","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Science Foundation of China","fundingGrant":"41230524"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"0002193"}],"investigators":"Voarintsoa, N.R.G.; Brook, G.A.; Liang, F.; Marais, E.; Hardt, B.F.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.; Railsback, L.B.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20433","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Multiple proxies using variation in d18O, d13C, mineralogy, and petrography in a newly generated high-resolution record of Stalagmite DP1 from Dante Cave indicate a linkage between changes in hydroclimate in northeastern Namibia and changes in solar activity and changes in global temperatures. The record suggests that during solar minima and globally cooler conditions (ca. 1660-1710 and ca. 1790-1830), wetter periods (reflecting longer summer seasons) in northeastern Namibia were linked to advances of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Inter-Ocean Convergence Zone (IOCZ) southwestward. A slight southward push of the Angola-Benguela Front (ABF) during such intervals could also be expected, bringing more rainfall inland. On the other hand, drier and warmer periods in northeastern Namibia, inferred from the increasing d18O trend in Stalagmite DP1 after AD 1715, coincide with globally warmer conditions, and thus a northeastward migration of the ITCZ, specifically with more warming of the Northern Hemisphere (NH). This finding agrees with reducing precipitation observed in the summer rainfall zone of southern Africa since ca. 1900. Therefore, predictions of warming in high-latitude regions of the NH in the next century should suggest that the presently semi-arid climate of northern Namibia may become even drier. ","author":{"name":"Ny Riavo G. Voarintsoa, George A. Brook, Fuyuan Liang, Eugene Marais, Ben Hardt, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, and L. Bruce Railsback"},"citation":"Ny Riavo G. Voarintsoa, George A. Brook, Fuyuan Liang, Eugene Marais, Ben Hardt, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, and L. Bruce Railsback. 2016. Stalagmite multi-proxy evidence of wet and dry intervals in northeastern Namibia: Linkage to latitudinal shifts of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and changing solar activity from AD 1400 to 1950. The Holocene. . doi: 10.1177/0959683616660170","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1177/0959683616660170","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616660170"},"issue":null,"journal":"The Holocene","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Stalagmite multi-proxy evidence of wet and dry intervals in northeastern Namibia: Linkage to latitudinal shifts of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and changing solar activity from AD 1400 to 1950","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54752","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-19.4","17.883333"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"17.883333","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"-19.4","southernmostLatitude":"-19.4","westernmostLongitude":"17.883333"}},"locationName":"Continent>Africa>Southern Africa>Namibia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31096","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/dante2016.txt","linkText":"Dante Cave Stalagmite DP1 Stable Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"A= aragonite; C= calcite; rA= ray aragonite","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Distance from the top of the stalagmite","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"StalAge model (best fit)","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"StalAge model (upper limit uncertainty)","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified error lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"StalAge model (lower limit uncertainty)","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified error upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Age model considering petrography (Railsback et al. 2013) and StalAge AD","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"with 1.7 subtracted for data from aragonite (Kim et al. 2007) to convert data to a calcite basis and to eliminate the effect of fractionation between aragonite and calcite)","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"with 0.8 subtracted for data from aragonite (Romanek et al. 1992) to convert data to a calcite basis and to eliminate the effect of fractionation between aragonite and calcite","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]}],"dataTableName":"Dante2016DP1","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1463,"earliestYearBP":487,"earliestYearCE":1463,"mostRecentYear":1950,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Dante Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Dante Cave, Namibia 550 Year Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Stalagmite stable isotope (d13C and d18O) data from Dante Cave, Namibia for the past 550 years","version":"1.0","xmlId":"18223"}