{"NOAAStudyId":"20449","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-08-30","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-20449.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":283817,"earliestYearCE":-281867,"entryId":"noaa-cave-20449","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"National Science Foundation of China ","fundingGrant":"41230524, 4157020432"},{"fundingAgency":"National Basic Research Program of China","fundingGrant":"2013CB955902"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"0823554, 0502535, 0908792, 1103404, 1137693"}],"investigators":"Kathayat, G.; Cheng, H.; Sinha, A.; Spötl, C.; Edwards, R.L.; Zhang, H.; Li, X.; Yi, L.; Ning, Y.F.; Cai, Y.; Lui, W.L.; Breitenbach, S.F.M.","mostRecentYearBP":874,"mostRecentYearCE":1076,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20449","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) monsoon is critical to billions of people living in the region. Yet, significant debates remain on primary ISM drivers on millennial-orbital timescales. Here, we use speleothem oxygen isotope (d18O) data from Bittoo cave, Northern India to reconstruct ISM variability over the past 280,000 years. We find strong coherence between North Indian and Chinese speleothem d18O records from the East Asian monsoon domain, suggesting that both Asian monsoon subsystems exhibit a coupled response to changes in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation (NHSI) without significant temporal lags, supporting the view that the tropical-subtropical monsoon variability is driven directly by precession-induced changes in NHSI. Comparisons of the North Indian record with both Antarctic ice core and sea-surface temperature records from the southern Indian Ocean over the last glacial period do not suggest a dominant role of Southern Hemisphere climate processes in regulating the ISM variability on millennial-orbital timescales.","author":{"name":"Gayatri Kathayat, Hai Cheng, Ashish Sinha, Christoph Spötl, R. Lawrence Edwards, Haiwei Zhang, Xianglei Li, Liang Yi, Youfeng Ning, Yanjun Cai, Weiguo Lui Lui, Sebastian F.M. Breitenbach"},"citation":"Gayatri Kathayat, Hai Cheng, Ashish Sinha, Christoph Spötl, R. Lawrence Edwards, Haiwei Zhang, Xianglei Li, Liang Yi, Youfeng Ning, Yanjun Cai, Weiguo Lui Lui, Sebastian F.M. Breitenbach. 2016. Indian monsoon variability on millennial-orbital timescales. Scientific Reports, 6, 24374. doi: 10.1038/srep24374","edition":"24374","identifier":{"id":"10.1038/srep24374","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep24374"},"issue":null,"journal":"Scientific Reports","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Indian monsoon variability on millennial-orbital timescales","type":"publication","volume":"6"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Monsoon"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56851","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["30.7903","77.7764"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"77.7764","maxElevationMeters":"3000","minElevationMeters":"3000","northernmostLatitude":"30.7903","southernmostLatitude":"30.7903","westernmostLongitude":"77.7764"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Southcentral Asia>India","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31149","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/india/bittoo2016composite.txt","linkText":"Bittoo Cave Stabe Isotope Data, Composite by Age","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]}],"dataTableName":"Bittoo2016composite","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":283817,"earliestYearBP":283817,"earliestYearCE":-281867,"mostRecentYear":874,"mostRecentYearBP":874,"mostRecentYearCE":1076,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"31150","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/india/bittoo2016iso.txt","linkText":"Bittoo Cave Stabe Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"stalagmite ID","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"distance from top","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Bittoo2016iso","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":283817,"earliestYearBP":283817,"earliestYearCE":-281867,"mostRecentYear":874,"mostRecentYearBP":874,"mostRecentYearCE":1076,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Bittoo Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Bittoo Cave, India 280,000 Year Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Stable isotope (d18O and d13C) data from speleothems collected in Bittoo Cave, Himachal Pradesh state, North India, for the past 280,000 years.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"18253"}