{"NOAAStudyId":"20530","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-09-29","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-20530.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":8844,"earliestYearCE":-6894,"entryId":"noaa-cave-20530","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"AGS-1103413"}],"investigators":"Denniston, R.F.; Ummenhofer, C.C.; Wanamaker, A.D.; Lachniet, M.S.; Villarini, G.; Asmerom, Y.; Polyak, V.J.; Passaro, K.J.; Cugley, J.; Woods, D.; Humphreys, W.F.","mostRecentYearBP":-58,"mostRecentYearCE":2008,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20530","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Rhawn F. Denniston, Gabriele Villarini, Angelique N. Gonzales, Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll, Victor J. Polyak, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Matthew S. Lachniet, Alan D. Wanamaker, Jr, William F. Humphreys, David Woods, and John Cugley"},"citation":"Rhawn F. Denniston, Gabriele Villarini, Angelique N. Gonzales, Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll, Victor J. Polyak, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Matthew S. Lachniet, Alan D. Wanamaker, Jr, William F. Humphreys, David Woods, and John Cugley. 2015. Extreme rainfall activity in the Australian tropics reflects changes in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation over the last two millennia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. . doi: 10.1073/pnas.1422270112","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1073/pnas.1422270112","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422270112"},"issue":null,"journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","pages":null,"pubRank":"3","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Extreme rainfall activity in the Australian tropics reflects changes in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation over the last two millennia","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Rhawn F. Denniston, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Alan D. Wanamaker, Matthew S. Lachniet, Gabriele Villarini, Yemane Asmerom, Victor J. Polyak, Kristian J. Passaro, John Cugley, David Woods, and William F. Humphreys"},"citation":"Rhawn F. Denniston, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Alan D. Wanamaker, Matthew S. Lachniet, Gabriele Villarini, Yemane Asmerom, Victor J. Polyak, Kristian J. Passaro, John Cugley, David Woods, and William F. Humphreys. 2016. Expansion and Contraction of the Indo-Pacific Tropical Rain Belt over the Last Three Millennia. Scientific Reports, 6, 34485. doi: 10.1038/srep34485","edition":"34485","identifier":{"id":"10.1038/srep34485","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep34485"},"issue":null,"journal":"Scientific Reports","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Expansion and Contraction of the Indo-Pacific Tropical Rain Belt over the Last Three Millennia","type":"publication","volume":"6"},{"abstract":"Oxygen isotopic data from a suite of calcite and aragonite stalagmites from cave KNI-51, located in the eastern Kimberley region of tropical Western Australia, represent the first absolute-dated, high-resolution speleothem record of the Holocene Indonesian-Australian summer monsoon (IASM) from the Australian tropics. Stalagmite oxygen isotopic values track monsoon intensity via amount effects in precipitation and reveal a dynamic Holocene IASM which strengthened in the early Holocene, decreased in strength by 4 ka, with a further decrease from 2 to 1 ka, before strengthening again at 1 ka to years to levels similar to those between 4 and 2 ka. The relationships between the KNI-51 IASM reconstruction and those from published speleothem time series from Flores and Borneo, in combination with other data sets, appear largely inconsistent with changes in the position and/or organization of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Instead, we argue that the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may have played a dominant role in driving IASM variability since at least the middle Holocene. Given the muted modern monsoon rainfall responses to most El Nino events in the Kimberley, an impact of ENSO on regional monsoon precipitation over northwestern Australia would suggest non-stationarity in the long-term relationship between ENSO forcing and IASM rainfall, possibly due to changes in the mean state of the tropical Pacific over the Holocene.","author":{"name":"Denniston, R.F., Wyrwoll, K.-H., Polyak, Brown, J. Asmerom, Y., Wanamaker, A. Jr., LaPointe, Z., Ellerbroek, R., Barthelmes, M., Cleary, D., Cugley, J., Woods, D., Humphreys, W."},"citation":"Denniston, R.F., Wyrwoll, K.-H., Polyak, Brown, J. Asmerom, Y., Wanamaker, A. Jr., LaPointe, Z., Ellerbroek, R., Barthelmes, M., Cleary, D., Cugley, J., Woods, D., Humphreys, W. 2013. A Stalagmite Record of Holocene Indonesian-Australian Summer Monsoon Variability from the Australian Tropics. Quaternary Science Reviews, 78, 155-168. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.004","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.004","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.004"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":"155-168","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A Stalagmite Record of Holocene Indonesian-Australian Summer Monsoon Variability from the Australian Tropics","type":"publication","volume":"78"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Monsoon"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56499","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-15.18","128.37"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"128.37","maxElevationMeters":"100","minElevationMeters":"100","northernmostLatitude":"-15.18","southernmostLatitude":"-15.18","westernmostLongitude":"128.37"}},"locationName":"Continent>Australia/New Zealand>Australia>Western Australia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31299","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/australia/kni-51-2016d18o.txt","linkText":"Cave KNI-51 Stalagmite d18O Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Stalagmite ID","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"calcite or aragonite","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"distance from base","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"KNI-51-2016d18O","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":8844,"earliestYearBP":8844,"earliestYearCE":-6894,"mostRecentYear":-58,"mostRecentYearBP":-58,"mostRecentYearCE":2008,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Cave KNI-51"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data","studyNotes":"Stalagmite oxygen isotope (d18O) data for 18 calcite and aragonite stalagmites collected in Cave KNI-51, tropical Western Australia, providing a paleomonsoon record for the past 8,800 years. Data file updated 7/26/2017.  In the data section of the file, ages were corrected for the stable isotope data of stalagmites KNI-51-10, KNI-51-A2-side 1, and KNI-51-A2-side 2.  Stalagmite labels were corrected for stalagmites KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 (previously were mistakenly labelled as KNI-51-A1-side 1 and KNI-51-A1-side 2). \tIn the Chronology section, distances for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected, and ages for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"18347"}