{"NOAAStudyId":"20589","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-10-04","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-20589.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":10723,"earliestYearCE":-8773,"entryId":"noaa-cave-20589","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","fundingGrant":"DFG research grant FG 668 (DAPHNE)"}],"investigators":"Fohlmeister, J.; Schröder-Ritzrau, A.; Scholz, D.; Spötl, C.; Riechelmann, D.F.C.; Mudelsee, M.; Wackerbarth, A.; Gerdes, A.; Riechelmann, S.; Immenhauser, A.; Richter, D.K.; Mangini, A.","mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20589","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Holocene climate was characterised by variability on multi-centennial to multi-decadal time scales. In central Europe, these fluctuations were most pronounced during winter. Here we present a record of past winter climate variability for the last 10.8 ka based on four speleothems from Bunker Cave, western Germany. Due to its central European location, the cave site is particularly well suited to record changes in precipitation and temperature in response to changes in the North Atlantic realm. We present high-resolution records of d18O, d13C values and Mg/Ca ratios. Changes in the Mg/Ca ratio are attributed to past meteoric precipitation variability. The stable C isotope composition of the speleothems most likely reflects changes in vegetation and precipitation, and variations in the d18O signal are interpreted as variations in meteoric precipitation and temperature. We found cold and dry periods between 8 and 7 ka, 6.5 and 5.5 ka, 4 and 3 ka as well as between 0.7 and 0.2 ka. The proxy signals in the Bunker Cave stalagmites compare well with other isotope records and, thus, seem representative for central European Holocene climate variability. The prominent 8.2 ka event and the Little Ice Age cold events are both recorded in the Bunker Cave record. However, these events show a contrasting relationship between climate and d18O, which is explained by different causes underlying the two climate anomalies. Whereas the Little Ice Age is attributed to a pronounced negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation, the 8.2 ka event was triggered by cooler conditions in the North Atlantic due to a slowdown of the thermohaline circulation.","author":{"name":"J. Fohlmeister, A. Schröder-Ritzrau, D. Scholz, C. Spötl, D.F.C. Riechelmann, M. Mudelsee, A. Wackerbarth, A. Gerdes, S. Riechelmann, A. Immenhauser, D.K. Richter, and A. Mangini"},"citation":"J. Fohlmeister, A. Schröder-Ritzrau, D. Scholz, C. Spötl, D.F.C. Riechelmann, M. Mudelsee, A. Wackerbarth, A. Gerdes, S. Riechelmann, A. Immenhauser, D.K. Richter, and A. Mangini. 2012. Bunker Cave stalagmites: an archive for central European Holocene climate variability. Climate of the Past, 8, 1751-1764. doi: 10.5194/cp-8-1751-2012","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-8-1751-2012","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1751-2012"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":"1751-1764","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Bunker Cave stalagmites: an archive for central European Holocene climate variability","type":"publication","volume":"8"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56871","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["51.3675","7.6647"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"7.6647","maxElevationMeters":"184","minElevationMeters":"184","northernmostLatitude":"51.3675","southernmostLatitude":"51.3675","westernmostLongitude":"7.6647"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>Germany","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31339","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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Each stalagmite was 230Th dated. Stable oxgen and carbon isotopes as well as Mg/Ca were measured at high resolution. Using a stacking program a stable oxygen isotope stack of the four stalagmites was generated. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"18405"}