{"NOAAStudyId":"20611","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-10-14","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-20611.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":7159,"earliestYearCE":-5209,"entryId":"noaa-cave-20611","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM-0823476"}],"investigators":"Pollock, A.L.; van Beynen, P.E.; DeLong, K.L.; Polyak, V.J.; Asmerom, Y.; Reeder, P.P.","mostRecentYearBP":4630,"mostRecentYearCE":-2680,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20611","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Understanding past climate may contribute to a better understanding of future climate change, allowing for adaptations to changing water resources. High latitude paleoclimate reconstructions reveal a warmer northern hemisphere during the mid-Holocene, yet paleoclimate records from tropical Central America are lacking, especially seasonally resolved reconstructions needed to resolve seasonal shifts. Here we reconstruct mid-Holocene precipitation using high-resolution (sub-annual to biannual) stable isotope ratios (oxygen and carbon) extracted from a speleothem recovered from Belize to investigate the frequency and magnitude of precipitation variability. We found a slight increase in precipitation during the mid-Holocene in Belize with less variability compared to the late-Holocene. This increase in precipitation may be a result of the expansion of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH), which strengthens the Caribbean Lower Level Jet, enhancing westward advection of atmospheric moisture to Belize. The decrease in precipitation variability could be derived from a northward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) placing Belize within the bounds of the ITCZ for a longer period each year. Time series analysis reveals periodicities of 200-250 years which correspond to the Suess solar cycle. The additional periods of ~100 and ~50 years also have origins in solar irradiance. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV; also known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)), long recognized as important drivers of precipitation variability in the region, are present but only at the 90% significance level. We posit that the reduced influence of the NAO and AMV could be caused by the northerly migration of the ITCZ during the mid-Holocene.","author":{"name":"A.L. Pollock, P.E. van Beynen, K.L. DeLong, V. Polyak, Y. Asmerom, P.P. Reeder"},"citation":"A.L. Pollock, P.E. van Beynen, K.L. DeLong, V. Polyak, Y. Asmerom, P.P. Reeder. 2016. A mid-Holocene paleoprecipitation record from Belize. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. . doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.09.021","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.09.021","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.09.021"},"issue":null,"journal":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A mid-Holocene paleoprecipitation record from Belize","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56874","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["16.676944","-89.0925"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-89.0925","maxElevationMeters":"550","minElevationMeters":"550","northernmostLatitude":"16.676944","southernmostLatitude":"16.676944","westernmostLongitude":"-89.0925"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Central America>Belize","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31365","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/belize/chen-ha2016iso.txt","linkText":"Chen Ha Cave Stable Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Distance from top of speleothem","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Time step determined using monte carlo simulation","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]}],"dataTableName":"ChenHa2016iso","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":7159,"earliestYearBP":7159,"earliestYearCE":-5209,"mostRecentYear":4630,"mostRecentYearBP":4630,"mostRecentYearCE":-2680,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Chen Ha Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Chen Ha Cave, Belize Mid-Holocene Speleothem Stable Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Speleothem CH04-02 stable isotope (d18O and d13C) data from Chen Ha Cave, Vaca Plateau, Belize for the mid-Holocene (7150-4630 Years BP).  The calcite speleothem was sampled at 200um resolution down its c-axis for carbon and oxygen isotope analysis. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"18429"}