{"NOAAStudyId":"21850","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-04-10","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-21850.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1567,"earliestYearCE":383,"entryId":"noaa-cave-21850","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"EAR-1439559"}],"investigators":"Scroxton, N.; Burns, S.J.; McGee, D.; Hardt, B.F.; Godfrey, L.R.; Ranivoharimanana, L.; Faina, P.","mostRecentYearBP":-63,"mostRecentYearCE":2013,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21850","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Paleoclimate studies of tropical rainfall have led to a recognition of a predominant pattern of anti-phase behavior between the Northern and Southern hemispheres at both orbital and millennial timescales. Less certain is how regional tropical rainfall patterns have changed in the late Holocene, under boundary conditions and on timescales which are most relevant to the tropics' response to a warming world. Several high-resolution southern hemisphere rainfall records are at odds with meridional movement of the mean Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone location as the major driver of Holocene tropical rainfall variability, with regional precipitation patterns resembling modern day El-Niño Southern Oscillation end members. To test emerging ideas on sub-millennial tropical rainfall variability, additional records from the southern hemisphere are required. We present a new speleothem d18O record from Anjohibe Cave, northwestern Madagascar, which provides a quasi-annual record of monsoonal strength and precipitation amount for the last 1700 years. The majority of d18O variability in the record is at the decadal scale, and shows little to no correlation with major climate indices or cyclical climate drivers. At lower frequencies, changes in mean speleothem d18O show good correlation with other regional precipitation records both north and south of the equator. The regional coherency of tropical rainfall across the west Indian Ocean resembles expansion and contraction of the tropical rain belt and positive-Indian Ocean Dipole-like conditions at different timescales. The cause of this coherency could be related to symmetrical changes in continental sensible heating, or to a low frequency sea surface temperature climate mode.","author":{"name":"Nick Scroxton, Stephen J. Burns, David McGee, Ben Hardt, Laurie R. Godfrey, Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana, Peterson Faina"},"citation":"Nick Scroxton, Stephen J. Burns, David McGee, Ben Hardt, Laurie R. Godfrey, Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana, Peterson Faina. 2017. Hemispherically in-phase precipitation variability over the last 1700 years in a Madagascar speleothem record. Quaternary Science Reviews, 164, 25-36. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.03.017","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.03.017","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.03.017"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":"25-36","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Hemispherically in-phase precipitation variability over the last 1700 years in a Madagascar speleothem record","type":"publication","volume":"164"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Monsoon","Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57137","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-15.53","46.88"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"46.88","maxElevationMeters":"50","minElevationMeters":"50","northernmostLatitude":"-15.53","southernmostLatitude":"-15.53","westernmostLongitude":"46.88"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Madagascar","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"32884","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/anjohibe2017iso.txt","linkText":"Anjohibe Cave Speleothem AB2 Stable Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"U-Th series; Oxcal Age Model Software","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Oxcal Age Model Software","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"gas chromatography","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 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material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"converted to 100% equivalent aragonite: raw value + (%calcite x 2.5permill)","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"converted to 100% equivalent aragonite: raw value + (%calcite x 0.7permill)","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Anjohibe2017AB2iso","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1567,"earliestYearBP":1567,"earliestYearCE":383,"mostRecentYear":-63,"mostRecentYearBP":-63,"mostRecentYearCE":2013,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"32885","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/anjohibe2017iso2yr.txt","linkText":"Anjohibe Cave Speleothem AB2 Stable Isotope Data, 2 year interpolation","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"mid-point of two year bin","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"2 yr equally spaced interpolated record created in Matlab using a cubic hermite interpolating spline: mineralogy converted data interpolated to 2 month resolution then averaged to two year bins","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"2 yr equally spaced interpolated record created in Matlab using a cubic hermite interpolating spline: mineralogy converted data interpolated to 2 month resolution then averaged to two year bins","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"2 yr equally spaced interpolated record created in Matlab using a cubic hermite interpolating spline: mineralogy converted data interpolated to 2 month resolution then averaged to two year bins","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"2 yr equally spaced interpolated record created in Matlab using a cubic hermite interpolating spline: mineralogy converted data interpolated to 2 month resolution then averaged to two year bins","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Anjohibe2017AB2iso2yr","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1567,"earliestYearBP":1567,"earliestYearCE":383,"mostRecentYear":-63,"mostRecentYearBP":-63,"mostRecentYearCE":2013,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Anjohibe Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Anjohibe Cave, Madagascar 1700 Year Speleothem Stable Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Speleothem stable isotope (d18O and d13C) data from Anjohibe Cave, Madagascar for the past 1700 years as a record of the Madagascan monsoon.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"19828"}