{"NOAAStudyId":"22932","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-10-26","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-22932.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":13833,"earliestYearCE":-11883,"entryId":"noaa-cave-22932","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"AGS-1231155, AGS-1103403, EAR-03-19230, EAR-10-53466, EAR-13-55590"},{"fundingAgency":"National Science Foundation of China ","fundingGrant":"41230524"}],"investigators":"Orland, I.J.; Edwards, R.L.; Cheng, H.; Kozdon, R.; Cross, M.; Valley, J.W.","mostRecentYearBP":10361,"mostRecentYearCE":-8411,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22932","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Chinese speleothems (cave deposits) preserve a remarkable paleoclimate record in their oxygen isotope ratios (d18O); the precise interpretation of this record has been the subject of stimulating discussion. Most studies link the d18O variability in Chinese speleothems to regional summer monsoon rainfall and/or rainfall integrated between tropical sources and cave sites. Discussion has centered on mechanisms behind this link as well as the location and seasonality of hypothesized rainfall changes. Until now, these hypotheses were not directly tested in speleothems because conventional drill sampling techniques are insufficient for measuring speleothem d18O at seasonal resolution. Here we use an ion microprobe to analyze seasonal d18O variability in an annually banded stalagmite from Kulishu Cave (northeastern China) that grew during the last deglaciation. The new seasonal resolution data show that the stalagmite d18O values record two aspects of regional monsoon dynamics: (1) changes in the isotopic fractionation of water vapor sourced from both the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and (2) the annual proportion of summer monsoon rainfall, which was systematically greater during the Holocene and Bølling-Allerød than during the Younger Dryas. Both relate to regional rainfall; the isotopic fractionation changes also relate to rainfall integrated from tropical sources.","author":{"name":"Ian J. Orland, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, Reinhard Kozdon, Mellissa Cross, John W. Valley"},"citation":"Ian J. Orland, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, Reinhard Kozdon, Mellissa Cross, John W. Valley. 2015. Direct measurements of deglacial monsoon strength in a Chinese stalagmite. Geology, 43(6), 555-558. doi: 10.1130/G36612.1","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1130/G36612.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G36612.1"},"issue":"6","journal":"Geology","pages":"555-558","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Direct measurements of deglacial monsoon strength in a Chinese stalagmite","type":"publication","volume":"43"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Monsoon"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57506","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["39.7","115.7"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"115.7","maxElevationMeters":"610","minElevationMeters":"610","northernmostLatitude":"39.7","southernmostLatitude":"39.7","westernmostLongitude":"115.7"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Eastern Asia>China","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"34134","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/kulishu2015d18o.txt","linkText":"Kulishu Cave Deglacial Oxygen Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"depth measured from top of BW-1 translated to align with isotope record from Ma et al. (2012)","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"present defined as 1950 CE; age model is a linear interpolation between U-Th ages from Ma et al. (2012) except between 11475 and 11537 yr BP where ages are assigned based on band-counting","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"10um-diameter analysis spots","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvMethod":"multiple collector secondary ion mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"spot-to-spot reproducibility; 10um-diameter analysis spots","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":"two standard deviations","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvMethod":"multiple collector secondary ion mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Kulishu2015BW-1","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":13833,"earliestYearBP":13833,"earliestYearCE":-11883,"mostRecentYear":10361,"mostRecentYearBP":10361,"mostRecentYearCE":-8411,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Kulishu Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Kulishu Cave, China Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data 13.8-10.4 ky BP","studyNotes":"Oxygen isotope data and age model from sample BW-1 of Kulishu Cave in northeast China","version":"1.0","xmlId":"21115"}