{"NOAAStudyId":"22970","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-10-29","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-22970.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":9880,"earliestYearCE":-7930,"entryId":"noaa-cave-22970","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"National Science Foundation of China ","fundingGrant":"41230524, 41472140"},{"fundingAgency":"National Basic Research Program of China","fundingGrant":"2013CB955902"},{"fundingAgency":"Geological Society of America","fundingGrant":"11166-16"}],"investigators":"Voarintsoa, N.R.G.; Railsback, L.B.; Brook, G.A.; Wang, L.; Kathayat, G.; Cheng, H.; Li, X.; Edwards, R.L.; Rakotondrazafy, A.F.M.; Madison Razanatseheno, M.O.","mostRecentYearBP":140,"mostRecentYearCE":1810,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22970","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Petrographic features, mineralogy, and stable isotopes from two stalagmites, ANJB-2 and MAJ-5, respectively from Anjohibe and Anjokipoty caves, allow distinction of three intervals of the Holocene in NW Madagascar. The Malagasy early Holocene (between ca. 9.8 and 7.8ka) and late Holocene (after ca. 1.6ka) intervals (MEHI and MLHI, respectively) record evidence of stalagmite deposition. The Malagasy middle Holocene interval (MMHI, between ca. 7.8 and 1.6ka) is marked by a depositional hiatus of ca. 6500 years.\r\n\r\nDeposition of these stalagmites indicates that the two caves were sufficiently supplied with water to allow stalagmite formation. This suggests that the MEHI and MLHI intervals may have been comparatively wet in NW Madagascar. In contrast, the long-term depositional hiatus during the MMHI implies it was relatively drier than the MEHI and the MLHI.\r\n\r\nThe alternating wet-dry-wet conditions during the Holocene may have been linked to the long-term migrations of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). When the ITCZ's mean position is farther south, NW Madagascar experiences wetter conditions, such as during the MEHI and MLHI, and when it moves north, NW Madagascar climate becomes drier, such as during the MMHI. A similar wet-dry-wet succession during the Holocene has been reported in neighboring locations, such as southeastern Africa. Beyond these three subdivisions, the records also suggest wet conditions around the cold 8.2ka event, suggesting a causal relationship. However, additional Southern Hemisphere high-resolution data will be needed to confirm this.","author":{"name":"Ny Riavo Gilbertinie Voarintsoa, Loren Bruce Railsback, George Albert Brook, Lixin Wang, Gayatri Kathayat, Hai Cheng, Xianglei Li, Richard Lawrence Edwards, Amos Fety Michel Rakotondrazafy, and Marie Olga Madison Razanatseheno"},"citation":"Ny Riavo Gilbertinie Voarintsoa, Loren Bruce Railsback, George Albert Brook, Lixin Wang, Gayatri Kathayat, Hai Cheng, Xianglei Li, Richard Lawrence Edwards, Amos Fety Michel Rakotondrazafy, and Marie Olga Madison Razanatseheno. 2017. Three distinct Holocene intervals of stalagmite deposition and nondeposition revealed in NW Madagascar, and their paleoclimate implications. Climate of the Past, 13(12), 1771-1790. doi: 10.5194/cp-13-1771-2017","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-13-1771-2017","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1771-2017"},"issue":"12","journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":"1771-1790","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Three distinct Holocene intervals of stalagmite deposition and nondeposition revealed in NW Madagascar, and their paleoclimate implications","type":"publication","volume":"13"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57137","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-15.53","46.88"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"46.88","maxElevationMeters":"50","minElevationMeters":"50","northernmostLatitude":"-15.53","southernmostLatitude":"-15.53","westernmostLongitude":"46.88"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Madagascar","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"34173","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/anjohibe2017c.txt","linkText":"Anjohibe Cave Holocene Stable Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Nature of the spelean minerals (A= aragonite; 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C= calcite; A-C= mixture of aragonite and calcite - see papers for details)","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Distance from the top of the stalagmite","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"transformed = d13Craw – [RA/C x 1.7] where A= aragonite and C= calcite","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"transformed = d18Oraw – [RA/C x 0.8] where A= aragonite and C= calcite","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Anjohibe2017MAJ-5","dataTableNotes":"HIATUS at 62 mm","earliestYear":9880,"earliestYearBP":9880,"earliestYearCE":-7930,"mostRecentYear":183,"mostRecentYearBP":183,"mostRecentYearCE":1767,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Anjokipoty Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Madagascar Holocene Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Stalagmite stable isotope (d18O and d13C) data from Anjohibe and Anjokipoty Caves, Madagascar for the past 10,000 years.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"21154"}