{"NOAAStudyId":"23083","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-11-15","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-23083.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":801,"earliestYearCE":1149,"entryId":"noaa-cave-23083","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","fundingGrant":"FO809/4-1"},{"fundingAgency":"German Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF)","fundingGrant":"03G0813A"}],"investigators":"Fohlmeister, J.; Plessen, B.; Dudashvili, A.S.; Tjallingii, R.; Wolff, C.; Gafurov, A.; Cheng, H.","mostRecentYearBP":-61,"mostRecentYearCE":2011,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23083","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The strength of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is considered to be the main driver of climate changes over the European and western Asian continents throughout the last millennium. For example, the predominantly warm Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the following cold period of the Little Ice Age (LIA) over Europe have been associated with long-lasting phases with a positive and negative NAO index. Its climatic imprint is especially pronounced in European winter seasons. However, little is known about the influence of NAO with respect to its eastern extent over the Eurasian continent.\r\nHere we present speleothem records (d13C, d18O and Sr/Ca) from the southern rim of Fergana Basin (Central Asia) revealing annually resolved past climate variations during the last millennium. The age control of the stalagmite relies on radiocarbon dating as large amounts of detrital material inhibit accurate 230Th dating. Present-day calcification of the stalagmite is most effective during spring when the cave atmosphere and elevated water supply by snow melting and high amount of spring precipitation provide optimal conditions. Seasonal precipitation variations cause changes of the stable isotope and Sr/Ca compositions. The simultaneous changes in these geochemical proxies, however, give also evidence for fractionation processes in the cave. By disentangling both processes, we demonstrate that the amount of winter precipitation during the MCA was generally higher than during the LIA, which is in line with climatic changes linked to the NAO index but opposite to the higher mountain records of Central Asia. Several events of strongly reduced winter precipitation are observed during the LIA in Central Asia. These dry winter events can be related to phases of a strong negative NAO index and all results reveal that winter precipitation over the central Eurasian continent is tightly linked to atmospheric NAO modes by the westerly wind systems.","author":{"name":"Jens Fohlmeister, Birgit Plessen, Alexey Sergeevich Dudashvili, Rik Tjallingii, Christian Wolff, Abror Gafurov, Hai Cheng"},"citation":"Jens Fohlmeister, Birgit Plessen, Alexey Sergeevich Dudashvili, Rik Tjallingii, Christian Wolff, Abror Gafurov, Hai Cheng. 2017. Winter precipitation changes during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age in arid Central Asia. Quaternary Science Reviews, 178, 24-36. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.026","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.026","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.026"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":"24-36","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Winter precipitation changes during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age in arid Central Asia","type":"publication","volume":"178"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["North Atlantic Oscillation"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57523","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["40.4833","72.5833"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"72.5833","maxElevationMeters":"1425","minElevationMeters":"1425","northernmostLatitude":"40.4833","southernmostLatitude":"40.4833","westernmostLongitude":"72.5833"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Southcentral Asia>Kyrgyzstan","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"34313","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>trace metals"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/kyrgyzstan/bir-uja2017iso.txt","linkText":"Bir-Uja Cave Stalagmite Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"time series corrected for 'in-cave' fractionation effects","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Keklik1iso","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1149,"earliestYearBP":801,"earliestYearCE":1149,"mostRecentYear":2011,"mostRecentYearBP":-61,"mostRecentYearCE":2011,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"34314","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>trace metals","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/kyrgyzstan/bir-uja2017sr-ca.txt","linkText":"Bir-Uja Cave Stalagmite Sr/Ca Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ratio x1000","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"}]}],"dataTableName":"Keklik1SrCa","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1163,"earliestYearBP":787,"earliestYearCE":1163,"mostRecentYear":2011,"mostRecentYearBP":-61,"mostRecentYearCE":2011,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Bir-Uja Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Bir-Uja Cave, Kyrgyzstan 900 Year Stalagmite Isotope and Sr/Ca Data","studyNotes":"Speleothem oxygen and carbon isotope and trace element records from Bir-Uja Cave, Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia","version":"1.0","xmlId":"21260"}