{"NOAAStudyId":"23085","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-11-13","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-23085.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1408,"earliestYearCE":542,"entryId":"noaa-cave-23085","funding":[],"investigators":"Asmerom, Y.; Polyak, V.J.; Rasmussen, J.B.T.; Burns, S.J.; Lachniet, M.S.","mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23085","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Late Holocene climate in western North America was punctuated by periods of extended aridity called megadroughts. These droughts have been linked to cool eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Here, we show both short-term and long-term climate variability over the last 1,500 y from annual band thickness and stable isotope speleothem data. Several megadroughts are evident, including a multicentury one, AD 1350–1650, herein referred to as Super Drought, which corresponds to the coldest period of the Little Ice Age. Synchronicity between southwestern North American, Chinese, and West African monsoon precipitation suggests the megadroughts were hemispheric in scale. Northern Hemisphere monsoon strength over the last millennium is positively correlated with Northern Hemisphere temperature and North Atlantic SST. The megadroughts are associated with cooler than average SST and Northern Hemisphere temperatures. Furthermore, the megadroughts, including the Super Drought, coincide with solar insolation minima, suggesting that solar forcing of sea surface and atmospheric temperatures may generate variations in the strength of Northern Hemisphere monsoons. Our findings seem to suggest stronger (wetter) Northern Hemisphere monsoons with increased warming.","author":{"name":"Asmerom, Y.; Polyak, V. J.; Rasmussen, J. B. T.; Burns, S. J.; Lachniet, M."},"citation":"Asmerom, Y.; Polyak, V. J.; Rasmussen, J. B. T.; Burns, S. J.; Lachniet, M. 2013. Multidecadal to multicentury scale collapses of Northern Hemisphere monsoons over the past millennium. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(24), 9651-9656. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1214870110","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1073/pnas.1214870110","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1214870110"},"issue":"24","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","pages":"9651-9656","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Multidecadal to multicentury scale collapses of Northern Hemisphere monsoons over the past millennium","type":"publication","volume":"110"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57546","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["32.2","-104.4"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-104.4","maxElevationMeters":"1300","minElevationMeters":"1300","northernmostLatitude":"32.2","southernmostLatitude":"32.2","westernmostLongitude":"-104.4"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>New Mexico","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"34473","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/NAm2kHydro-2017/data-version-1.0.0/Bat.Asmerom.2013.lpd","linkText":"Bat Cave Oxygen Isotope Data (LiPD Format)","urlDescription":"Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) File Format","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/NAm2kHydro-2017/noaa-templates/data-version-1.0.0/Bat.Asmerom.2013.txt","linkText":"Bat Cave Oxygen Isotope Data (NOAA Template Format)","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Bat.Asmerom.2013","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1408,"earliestYearBP":1408,"earliestYearCE":542,"mostRecentYear":-54,"mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Bat Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Bat Cave, Northern Hemisphere Past Millennium Stalagmite Data","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"21262"}