{"NOAAStudyId":"25090","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2018-09-05","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-25090.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":4696,"earliestYearCE":-2746,"entryId":"noaa-cave-25090","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ)","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"German Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF)","fundingGrant":"Central Asian Climate Dynamics Project (CADY)"},{"fundingAgency":"National Science Foundation of China ","fundingGrant":"NSFC 41230524, NBRPC 2013CB955902"}],"investigators":"Wolff, C.; Plessen, B.; Dudashvili, A.S.; Breitenbach, S.F.M.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.; Strecker, M.R.","mostRecentYearBP":24,"mostRecentYearCE":1926,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25090","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Central Asia is located at the confluence of large-scale atmospheric circulation systems. However, the number of Holocene climate records is still low in most parts of this region and insufficient to allow detailed discussion and comparisons to disentangle the complex climate history and interplays between the different climatic systems. Here, we present the first stalagmite record from arid Central Asia (south-western Kyrgyzstan) by using d18O, d13C, and micro x-ray fluorescence (uXRF)-sulfur data spanning the last 5000 years. The cave hosting stalagmite Uluu-2 is ideally suited to identify past shifts in seasonal variations in precipitation in this part of the world. Comparison of instrumental and paleo-isotopic studies demonstrates that the Uluu-2 speleothem isotope composition faithfully records climate changes and responds to shifts in the proportion of moisture derived from mid-latitude Westerlies during the winter/spring season. The reconstructions suggest that the area was characterized by a dry climate from 4700 to 3900 yr BP, interrupted by a wet episode around 4200 yr BP. Further drier conditions also occurred between 4000 and 3500 yr BP. Wetter conditions were re-established at ca. 2500 yr BP, after another dry episode between 3000 and 2500 yr BP. With the exception of two short dry events (1150 and 1300 yr BP), the period after 1700 yr BP shows moderate to wet conditions. Regional comparisons suggest that the strength and position of the Westerly winds control climatic shifts in arid Central Asia, leading to complex local responses.","author":{"name":"Christian Wolff, Birgit Plessen, Alexey S. Dudashvilli, Sebastian F.M. Breitenbach, Hai Cheng, Lawrence R. Edwards, Manfred R. Strecker"},"citation":"Christian Wolff, Birgit Plessen, Alexey S. Dudashvilli, Sebastian F.M. Breitenbach, Hai Cheng, Lawrence R. Edwards, Manfred R. Strecker. 2017. Precipitation evolution of Central Asia during the last 5000 years. The Holocene, 27(1), 142-154. doi: 10.1177/0959683616652711","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1177/0959683616652711","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616652711"},"issue":"1","journal":"The Holocene","pages":"142-154","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Precipitation evolution of Central Asia during the last 5000 years","type":"publication","volume":"27"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57716","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["40.383","72.35"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"72.35","maxElevationMeters":"1490","minElevationMeters":"1490","northernmostLatitude":"40.383","southernmostLatitude":"40.383","westernmostLongitude":"72.35"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Southcentral Asia>Kyrgyzstan","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"36893","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/kyrgyzstan/uluu-too2017iso.txt","linkText":"Uluu-Too Cave Stable Isotope Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"measured time series","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"measured time series","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Uluu-2iso","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":4696,"earliestYearBP":4696,"earliestYearCE":-2746,"mostRecentYear":24,"mostRecentYearBP":24,"mostRecentYearCE":1926,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"36894","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>trace metals"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/kyrgyzstan/uluu-too2017s-ca.txt","linkText":"Uluu-Too Cave S/Ca Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"measured time series","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>sulfur/calcium"}]}],"dataTableName":"Uluu-2S-Ca","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":4571,"earliestYearBP":4571,"earliestYearCE":-2621,"mostRecentYear":24,"mostRecentYearBP":24,"mostRecentYearCE":1926,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Uluu-Too Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Uluu-Too Cave, Kyrgyzstan 5000 Year Stalagmite Stable Isotope and S/Ca Data","studyNotes":"Speleothem stable isotope (d18O and d13C) and trace element (S/Ca) records from Uluu-Too Cave, Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia for the past 5,000 years","version":"1.0","xmlId":"23234"}