{"NOAAStudyId":"5417","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2009-12-11","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-5417.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":2832,"earliestYearCE":-882,"entryId":"noaa-cave-5417","funding":[],"investigators":"Polyak, V.J.; Asmerom, Y.","mostRecentYearBP":161,"mostRecentYearCE":1789,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5417","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Columnar stalagmites in caves of the Guadalupe Mountains during the late Holocene record a 4000-year annually resolved climate history for the southwestern United States. Annual banding, hiatuses, and high-precision uranium-series dating show a present day-like climate from 4000 to 3000 years ago, following a drier middle Holocene. A distinctly wetter and cooler period from 3000 to 800 years ago was followed by a period of present day-like conditions, with the exception of a slightly wetter interval from 440 to 290 years before the present. The stalagmite record correlates well with the archaeological record of changes in cultural activities of indigenous people. Such climate change may help to explain evidence of dwelling abandonment and population redistribution.","author":null,"citation":"Polyak, V.J. and Y. Asmerom. 2001. Late Holocene Climate and Cultural Changes in the Southwestern United States. Science, 294, 148-151. DOI: 10.1126/science.1062771","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.1062771","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1062771"},"issue":null,"journal":"Science","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2001,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Late Holocene Climate and Cultural Changes in the Southwestern United States","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"6545","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["32.18","-104.44"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-104.44","maxElevationMeters":"1340","minElevationMeters":"1340","northernmostLatitude":"32.18","southernmostLatitude":"32.18","westernmostLongitude":"-104.44"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>New Mexico","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"7149","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>lithology"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/newmexico/carlsbad.txt","linkText":"carlsbad.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>growth rate"}]}],"dataTableName":"BC2","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-882,"earliestYearBP":2832,"earliestYearCE":-882,"mostRecentYear":1789,"mostRecentYearBP":161,"mostRecentYearCE":1789,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Carlsbad Cavern"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Polyak and Asmerom 2001 Southwestern US Stalagmite and Climate Reconstruction Data","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"7298"}