{"NOAAStudyId":"5426","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2004-05-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-5426.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":69730,"earliestYearCE":-67780,"entryId":"noaa-cave-5426","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"EAR-9712037 and ESH-9809459"},{"fundingAgency":"National Natural Science Foundation China","fundingGrant":"grant 49972055"},{"fundingAgency":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","fundingGrant":"KZCX2-108 and KZCX1-Y-05."}],"investigators":"Wang, Y.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.; An, Z.; Wu, J.; Shen, C.-C.; Dorale, J.A.","mostRecentYearBP":11002,"mostRecentYearCE":-9052,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5426","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Oxygen isotope records of five stalagmites from Hulu Cave near Nanjing bear a remarkable resemblance to oxygen isotope records from Greenland ice cores, suggesting that East Asian Monsoon intensity changed in concert with Greenland temperature between 11,000 and 75,000 years before the present (yr. B.P.). Between 11,000 and 30,000 yr. B.P., the timing of changes in the monsoon, as established with 230Th dates, generally agrees with the timing of temperature changes from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) core, which supports GISP2's chronology in this interval. Our record links North Atlantic climate with the meridional transport of heat and moisture from the warmest part of the ocean where the summer East Asian Monsoon originates.","author":null,"citation":"Wang, Y.J., H. Cheng, R.L. Edwards, Z.S. An, J.Y. Wu, C.-C. Shen, and J.A. Dorale. 2001. A High-Resolution Absolute-Dated Late Pleistocene Monsoon Record from Hulu Cave, China. Science, 294, 2345-2348. DOI: 10.1126/science.1064618","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.1064618","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1064618"},"issue":null,"journal":"Science","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2001,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A High-Resolution Absolute-Dated Late Pleistocene Monsoon Record from Hulu Cave, China","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Monsoon"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"6553","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["32.5","119.16"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"119.16","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"32.5","southernmostLatitude":"32.5","westernmostLongitude":"119.16"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Eastern Asia>China","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"7163","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen 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isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/china/hulu_2001.txt","linkText":"hulu_2001.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 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variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"YT","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-15160,"earliestYearBP":17110,"earliestYearCE":-15160,"mostRecentYear":-12613,"mostRecentYearBP":14563,"mostRecentYearCE":-12613,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Hulu Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Wang et al. 2001 Hulu Cave Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data ","studyNotes":"DESCRIPTION:\nHulu Cave Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data and 230Th dating.  \nThese data also available as supplementary information for \nWang et al. 2001 and Yuan et al. 2004 from www.sciencemag.org. \n\nDATA:\nItems 1. through 3. are as published in Wang et al. 2001.\nItems 4. and 5. include extended age and isotope data from stalagmite H82\npublished by Yuan et al. 2004.\n\n1.  d13C (y axis) vs d18O (x axis) linear regression results. \n\nData are regressed by individual stalagmite, as well as for the whole data set. \nUnits are in per mil relative to VPDB for both isotope values. Best-fit lines \nhave negative slopes for all groupings except for PD. The best-fit line for PD \ndata has a positive slope; however, R2 is relatively low for this stalagmite. \nThus, we observe no strong positive correlations among any groupings, indicating \nno evidence for kinetic fractionation. \n\nStalagmite               Slope     Intercept   Correlation(R2)   #data points  \nMSD                      -1.23     -14.77         0.629            268\nMSL                      -1.93     -20.76         0.387            285\nPD                           1       0.39         0.285            149\nYT                       -0.42     -10.48         0.235            338\nH82                      -0.21      -9.99         0.014            612\nMSD+MSL+PD+YT+H82        -0.13      -7.89         0.011           1652\n\n\n2. 230Th dating \n\n230Th dating of stalagmites from Hulu Cave by TIMS except for stalagmite PD. \nOther than one analysis (PD-20, which was done by TIMS), the PD analyses were \nperformed by magnetic sector ICP-MS. Errors are 2 sigma. Decay \nconstant values are: lambda230 = 9.1577 x 10-6 year-1, lambda234 = 2.8263 \nx 10-6 year-1, and lambda238 = 1.55125 x 10-10 year-1. The corrected \n230Th ages assume an initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of (4.4 ±2.2) x 10-6. \nThis correction is consistent with calculated initial values \n(of 2.6 x 10-6 to 5.5 x 10-6) from 5 high 232Th sub-samples (marked \"#\"). \nI and II indicate duplicate analyses. Depths are relative to the top \n(youngest surface) of each stalagmite and are measured along the growth axis. \nAges in years B.P. are relative to 1950 A.D. \n\n3. Oxygen isotopic data for stalagmites from Hulu Cave. \n\nDepths are relative to the top (youngest surface) of each stalagmite \nand are measured along the growth axis. Ages are established with \n230Th ages, band counting, and as described in the text. \n\"Years BP\" refers to years relative to 1950 A.D. \n\n4. 230Th dating results of stalagmite H82 from the Hulu Cave, Nanjing, China. \nThe error is 2 sigma. Dating results of sample H82-a and b have been reported \nin Wang et al. (2001). We have used all of the age data below to assign ages \nto the oxygen isotope values in Table S5. These results are in a slightly \nrefined timescale compared to that presented in Wang et al. (2001). \nCorrected 230Th ages assume the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4 ±2.2 x10-6.\nThose are the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the \ncrustal 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. \nThe half lives and growth rate calculations are as same as Table S2.\n\n5. Oxygen isotopic data for stalagmite H82 from Hulu Cave. \nDepths are relative to the top (youngest surface) of each\nstalagmite and are measured along the growth axis. \nAges are established with 230Th ages. \n\"Age-ka\" refers to years thousands of years before present,\nrelative to 1950 AD.  \n\nOxygen data between 140.0 and 165.6 mm are from this study \nand the rest from Wang et al. (2001). The distances have been \nre-measured and the total distance difference accumulated \nover 165.6 mm is within 2mm of the original measurement. \nThis contributes to a slight refinement in the timescale.\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"7282"}