{"NOAAStudyId":"5430","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2004-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-5430.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":2180,"earliestYearCE":-230,"entryId":"noaa-cave-5430","funding":[],"investigators":"Lachniet, M.S.","mostRecentYearBP":690,"mostRecentYearCE":1260,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5430","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The effect of the El Niņo/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on tropical rainfall variations of the past two millennia is largely unknown. High-resolution monsoon records are sparse, despite the role of ENSO in generating global hydrologic anomalies in modern climate. To investigate the relationship between ENSO and the Central American Monsoon, we generated a high-resolution (~2.9 yr/sample) oxygen-isotope monsoon rainfall record from a U/Th-dated stalagmite (180 B.C. to 1310 A.D.) from the Isthmus of Panama. We present evidence for a weakened monsoon during the \"\"High Medieval\"\" (1100 - 1200 A.D.) and the Classic Maya Collapse (750 - 950 A.D.). Rainfall decreased and was more variable after 550 A.D., and the period 900 - 1310 A.D. was drier than the preceding millennium. A weaker monsoon corresponds with increased El Niņo variability, and our data display statistical variance in the ENSO band. We conclude that ENSO variation has forced isthmian rainfall and may have contributed to hemispheric climatic anomalies at this time.","author":null,"citation":"Lachniet, M.S. 2004. A 1500-year El Niņo/Southern Oscillation and rainfall history for the Isthmus of Panama from speleothem calcite. Journal of Geophysical Research, Atmospheres Vol. 109, D20117","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":null,"reportNumber":null,"title":null,"type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"6559","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["9.2","-79.7"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-79.7","maxElevationMeters":"60","minElevationMeters":"60","northernmostLatitude":"9.2","southernmostLatitude":"9.2","westernmostLongitude":"-79.7"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Central America>Panama","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"7176","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/panama/chilibrillo2004.txt","linkText":"chilibrillo2004.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"depth measured relative to bottom of core","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Chilibrillo Cave Core 001","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-230,"earliestYearBP":2180,"earliestYearCE":-230,"mostRecentYear":1260,"mostRecentYearBP":690,"mostRecentYearCE":1260,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Chilibrillo Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Lachniet et al. 2004 Chilibrillo Cave, Panama Speleothem Stable Isotope Data","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"7285"}