{"NOAAStudyId":"5431","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2005-03-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-5431.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":116160,"earliestYearCE":-114210,"entryId":"noaa-cave-5431","funding":[],"investigators":"Cruz, J.W.; Burns, S.J.; Karmann, I.; Sharp, W.D.; Vuille, M.; Cardoso, A.O.; Ferrari, J.A.; Silva Dias, P.L.; Viana, O.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5431","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"During the last glacial period, large millennial-scale temperature\r\noscillation-the 'Dansgaard/Oeschger' cycles-were the primary\r\nclimate signal in Northern Hemisphere climate archives\r\nfrom the high latitudes to the tropics. But whether the\r\ninfluence of these abrupt climate changes extended to the tropical\r\nand subtropical Southern Hemisphere, where changes in insolation\r\nare thought to be the main direct forcing of climate, has\r\nremained unclear. Here we present a high-resolution oxygen\r\nisotope record of a U/Th-dated stalagmite from subtropical\r\nsouthern Brazil, covering the past 116,200 years. The oxygen\r\nisotope signature varies with shifts in the source region and\r\namount of rainfall in the area, and hence records changes in\r\natmospheric circulation and convective intensity over South\r\nAmerica. We find that these variations in rainfall source and\r\namount are primarily driven by summer solar radiation, which is\r\ncontrolled by the Earth's precessional cycle. The Dansgaard/\r\nOeschger cycles can be detected in our record and therefore we\r\nconfirm that they also affect the tropical hydrological cycle,\r\nbut that in southern subtropical Brazil, millennial-scale\r\nclimate changes are not as dominant as they are in the Northern\r\nHemisphere.","author":null,"citation":"Cruz, F.W., Jr., S.J. Burns, I. Karmann, W.D. Sharp, M. Vuille, A.O. Cardoso, J.A. Ferrari, P.L. Silva Dias, and O. Viana, Jr. 2005. Insolation-driven changes in atmospheric circulation over the past 116,000 years in subtropical Brazil. Nature, 434, No. 7029, 63-66","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature03365","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03365"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2005,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Insolation-driven changes in atmospheric circulation over the past 116,000 years in subtropical Brazil.","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["PAGES 2k Network","Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles","millennial resolution","PAGES LOTRED SA2k"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"6560","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-27.22","-49.16"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-49.16","maxElevationMeters":"230","minElevationMeters":"230","northernmostLatitude":"-27.22","southernmostLatitude":"-27.22","westernmostLongitude":"-49.16"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Brazil","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"7177","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/southamerica/brazil/botuvera2005.txt","linkText":"botuvera2005.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"BT2","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-114210,"earliestYearBP":116160,"earliestYearCE":-114210,"mostRecentYear":1950,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Botuverá Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Cruz et al. 2005 Botuvera Cave, Brazil Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data","studyNotes":"DESCRIPTION: \nBt2 stalagmite is a continuous record of paleoclimate changes over \nsubtropical Brazil for the last 116,00 years.  The oxygen stable isotope \n(per mil VPDB) data set has a resolution of ~150 years and its age model \nis based on 20 U/Th ages.\n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"7286"}