{"NOAAStudyId":"5433","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2005-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-5433.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":2040,"earliestYearCE":-90,"entryId":"noaa-cave-5433","funding":[],"investigators":"Mangini, A.; Spötl, C.; Verdes, P.","mostRecentYearBP":15,"mostRecentYearCE":1935,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5433","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The precisely dated isotopic composition of a stalagmite from Spannagel Cave in the Central Alps is translated into a highly resolved record of temperature at high elevation during the past 2000 yr. Temperature maxima during the Medieval Warm Period between 800 and 1300 AD are in average about 1.7°C higher than the minima in the Little Ice Age and similar to present-day values. The high correlation of this record to d14C suggests that solar variability was a major driver of climate in Central Europe during the past 2 millennia.","author":null,"citation":"Mangini, A.;Spoetl, C.;Verdes, P. 2005. Reconstruction of temperature in the Central Alps during the past 2000 yr from a d18O stalagmite record. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 235, Issues 3-4, Pages 741-751, 15 July 2005.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":null,"reportNumber":null,"title":null,"type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"6561","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["47.09","11.67"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"11.67","maxElevationMeters":"2531","minElevationMeters":"2531","northernmostLatitude":"47.09","southernmostLatitude":"47.09","westernmostLongitude":"11.67"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>Austria","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"7179","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/europe/austria/spannagel2005.txt","linkText":"spannagel2005.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"present defined as 2000 CE","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"SPA 12","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-90,"earliestYearBP":2040,"earliestYearCE":-90,"mostRecentYear":1935,"mostRecentYearBP":15,"mostRecentYearCE":1935,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Spannagel Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Mangini et al. 2005 Spannagel Cave Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data and Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"7288"}