{"NOAAStudyId":"5537","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2007-09-17","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-5537.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":7000,"earliestYearCE":-5050,"entryId":"noaa-cave-5537","funding":[],"investigators":"Drysdale, R.N.; Zanchetta, G.; Hellstrom, J.C.; Maas, R.; Fallick, A.E.; Pickett, M.; Cartwright, I.; Piccini, L.","mostRecentYearBP":1270,"mostRecentYearCE":680,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5537","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A severe drought in parts of low-latitude northeastern Africa and southwestern Asia ~4200 yr ago caused major disruption to ancient civilizations. Stable isotope, trace element, and organic \r\nfluorescence data from a calcite flowstone collected from the well-watered Alpi Apuane karst of central-western Italy indicate that the climatic event responsible for this drought was also recorded in mid-latitude Europe. Although the timing of this event coincides with an episode of increased ice-rafted debris to the subpolar North Atlantic, the regional ocean-atmosphere response seems atypical of similar Holocene ice-rafting events. Furthermore, comparison of the flowstone data with other regional proxies suggests that the most extreme part of the dry spell occurred toward the end of a longer-term climate anomaly.","author":{"name":"Russell Drysdale, Giovanni Zanchetta, John Hellstrom, Roland Maas, Anthony Fallick, Matthew Pickett, Ian Cartwright, and Leonardo Piccini"},"citation":"Russell Drysdale, Giovanni Zanchetta, John Hellstrom, Roland Maas, Anthony Fallick, Matthew Pickett, Ian Cartwright, and Leonardo Piccini. 2006. Late Holocene drought responsible for the collapse of Old World civilizations is recorded in an Italian cave flowstone. Geology, 34(2), 101-104. doi: 10.1130/G22103.1","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1130/G22103.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G22103.1"},"issue":"2","journal":"Geology","pages":"101-104","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2006,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Late Holocene drought responsible for the collapse of Old World civilizations is recorded in an Italian cave flowstone","type":"publication","volume":"34"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"14636","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["44.08","10.21"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"10.21","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"44.08","southernmostLatitude":"44.08","westernmostLongitude":"10.21"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Southern Europe>Italy","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"7909","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>geochemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/europe/italy/renella2006.txt","linkText":"Buca della Renella Flowstone Isotope, Mg/Ca, and Fluorescence Data","urlDescription":"Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"mole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"fluorescence emission wavelength","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"nanometer","cvWhat":"electromagnetic property>luminescence>fluorescence"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/europe/italy/renella2006.xls","linkText":"Buca della Renella Flowstone Isotope, Mg/Ca, and Fluorescence Data","urlDescription":"Excel Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"RL4","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-5050,"earliestYearBP":7000,"earliestYearCE":-5050,"mostRecentYear":680,"mostRecentYearBP":1270,"mostRecentYearCE":680,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Buca della Renella"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Drysdale et al. 2006 Buca della Renella, Italy Flowstone Data","studyNotes":"Stable isotope, Mg/Ca, and fluorescence data from flowstone sample RL4 from Buca della Renella, west central Italy, ~44°N, ~10°E.\n\nFlowstone d18O and d13C values were determined by gas-source mass spectrometry.  Mg and Ca concentrations using standard inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy.  Fluorescence measurements were made directly from RL4 using a fiber-optic probe coupled to a Varian Cary Eclipse spectrophotometer.  \n230Th/234U dating was performed on thirteen 20–30 mg samples.  \n\nAge age_calkaBP 2.68 is averages for Fluorescence column\nPI submitted the following information \nage_calkaBP\tFluores_carb\n2.68           452\n2.68           459","version":"1.0","xmlId":"7276"}