{"NOAAStudyId":"5538","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-06-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-5538.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":27228,"earliestYearCE":-25278,"entryId":"noaa-cave-5538","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Comer Abrupt Climate Change Fellowship","fundingGrant":" "}],"investigators":"Partin, J.W.; Cobb, K.M.; Adkins, J.F.; Clark, B.; Fernandez, D.P.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5538","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Models and palaeoclimate data suggest that the tropical Pacific \r\nclimate system plays a key part in the mechanisms underlying \r\norbital-scale and abrupt climate change. Atmospheric convection \r\nover the western tropical Pacific is a major source of heat and \r\nmoisture to extratropical regions, and may therefore influence \r\nthe global climate response to a variety of forcing factors. \r\nThe response of tropical Pacific convection to changes in global \r\nclimate boundary conditions, abrupt climate changes and radiative \r\nforcing remains uncertain, however. Here we present three \r\nabsolutely-dated oxygen isotope records from stalagmites in \r\nnorthern Borneo that reflect changes in west Pacific warm pool \r\nhydrology over the past 27,000 years. Our results suggest that \r\nconvection over the western tropical Pacific weakened 18,000-\r\n20,000 years ago, as tropical Pacific and Antarctic temperatures \r\nbegan to rise during the early stages of deglaciation. \r\nConvective activity, as inferred from oxygen isotopes, reached a \r\nminimum during Heinrich event 1, when the Atlantic meridional \r\noverturning circulation was weak, pointing to feedbacks between  \r\nthe strength of the overturning circulation and tropical Pacific \r\nhydrology. There is no evidence of the Younger Dryas event in the \r\nstalagmite records, however, suggesting that different mechanisms  \r\noperated during these two abrupt deglacial climate events. \r\nDuring the Holocene epoch, convective activity appears to track \r\nchanges in spring and autumn insolation, highlighting the \r\nsensitivity of tropical Pacific convection to external radiative \r\nforcing. Together, these findings demonstrate that the tropical \r\nPacific hydrological cycle is sensitive to high-latitude climate \r\nprocesses in both hemispheres, as well as to external radiative \r\nforcing, and that it may have a central role in abrupt climate \r\nchange events.","author":null,"citation":"Partin, J.W., K.M. Cobb, J.F. Adkins, B. Clark, and D.P. Fernandez. 2007. Millennial-scale trends in west Pacific warm pool hydrology since the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature, 449, Number 7161, 452-455. doi:10.1038/nature06164.","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature06164","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06164"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Millennial-scale trends in west Pacific warm pool hydrology since the Last Glacial Maximum.","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Last Glacial Maximum"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"14637","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["4.03","114.8"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"114.8","maxElevationMeters":"150","minElevationMeters":"150","northernmostLatitude":"4.03","southernmostLatitude":"4.03","westernmostLongitude":"114.8"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Malaysia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"7910","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/gunung-buda2007.txt","linkText":"gunung-buda2007.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/gunung-buda2007.xls","linkText":"gunung-buda2007.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"SSC01","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-25278,"earliestYearBP":27228,"earliestYearCE":-25278,"mostRecentYear":1950,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"7911","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/gunung-buda2007.txt","linkText":"gunung-buda2007.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/gunung-buda2007.xls","linkText":"gunung-buda2007.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"SCH02","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-25227,"earliestYearBP":27177,"earliestYearCE":-25227,"mostRecentYear":1950,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"7912","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/gunung-buda2007.txt","linkText":"gunung-buda2007.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/gunung-buda2007.xls","linkText":"gunung-buda2007.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"BA04","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-25060,"earliestYearBP":27010,"earliestYearCE":-25060,"mostRecentYear":1950,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Gunung Buda National Park"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Partin et al. 2007 Northern Borneo Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Three stalagmite d18O records from Gunung Buda National Park, \nNorthern Borneo, Malaysia (4º02'N, 114º48'E, elev. 150m),  \nfor the last 27ka.  Samples SSC01 and SCH02 originate from \nSnail Shell Cave and formed ~250m from the cave entrance \nand ~20m from each other.  Sample BA04 formed >500m from \nthe cave entrance in Bukit Assam Cave, which lies ~6km NNE \nfrom Snail Shell Cave. \n\nThe age model for each record is comprised of 24-26 U/Th Dates \ncorrected using stalagmite specific 230Th/232Th \n(Suppl. Info in Partin et al., 2007; Adkins et al., 2007); \nbreaks in the record are dated hiatuses. The average temporal \nresolution for each d18O record is 72, 56, and 60 yrs/sample \nfor SCH02, SSC01, and BA04, respectively.  Rules for \nestablishing the age models from U/Th dates, as well as known \nhiatuses, are provided below.  A \"master d18O record\" is \nconstructed by splicing together portions of the three individual \nrecords. The master record is best used with error bars \ncalculated from overlapping portions of all three stalagmites. \nFor all records, d18O data are reported with respect to PDB, \nand ages are reported as years before present.\n\nTwo rules were used for establishing the final age model: \n1) For ages older than 11,000 years, individual age errors for a \n   U-series point must be less than 2% (2s). \n2) For ages younger than 11,000 years we only keep points with \n   uncertainties of less than 400 years.\n\nTwo additional rules used to pick dates: \n1) Use only one point per isochron – that with the lowest error bar. \n2) When there is overlap between two ages within error, take the age \n   with the smallest error bar. \n\nRules for establishing length of a hiatus: \nAfter visually examining the stalagmites for indications of a hiatus, \nall potential bands were checked for missing years by extending the \nyoung part of the adjacent age constraints downward and the older age \nconstraints upward. If there is a difference in predicted age at the \nvisual band's depth that is larger than 400 years and the age \ndifference is larger than the propagated uncertainty, we declare \nthat band a hiatus. A hiatus' duration is taken to be the difference \nin age between the upper and lower age model constraints. \n\nJune 2007 Corregendum, Nature 4 June 2009:\nA recalibration of the Caltech 236U and 229Th spike has determined\nthat the original spike value used for the stalagmite chronologies\nyielded U-Th ages that were too old by a margin of ~2-3%. U-Th ages \nand subsequent age models have been recalculated using the new\nspike value for all stalagmites. The new age models alter the absolute\ntiming of certain events, but do not alter any major conclusions of the\noriginal manuscript. The highest d18O values (inferred driest conditions)\nnow occur at 16.0 +/- 0.3 kyr ago. A late deglacial d18O plateau\nin the Borneo stalagmite records is now centered at 13.0 +/- 0.2 kyr ago.\nThe lowest d18O values (inferred wettest conditions) now occur at\n5.0 +/- 0.1 kyr ago. Examples of original and adjusted dates, respectively,\nat 5 kyr intervals are as follows: 5280 versus 5141 (SSC01); 10581\nversus 10293 (SSC01); 15673 versus 15231 (BA04); 20937 versus\n20322 (BA04); and 26387 versus 25602 (SCH02). Revised chronologies\nare available at: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/\npacific/gunung-buda2007.xls\n\nLAST UPDATE: 6/2011 (add spliced record) \n                       6/2008 (substitute revised age model)\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"7277"}