{"NOAAStudyId":"5539","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2007-09-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-5539.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":27370,"earliestYearCE":-25420,"entryId":"noaa-cave-5539","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"(ATM-0135542)"}],"investigators":"Shakun, J.D.; Burns, S.J.; Fleitmann, D.; Kramers, J.; Matter, A.; Al-Subary, A.A.","mostRecentYearBP":11086,"mostRecentYearCE":-9136,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5539","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Stalagmite M1-5 from Socotra Island, Yemen in the northwest Indian Ocean \r\nprovides a robust, high-resolution paleoclimate record from ~27.4 - 11.1 ka \r\nbased on 717 stable isotope and 28 230Th measurements.  Variations in M1-5 \r\noxygen isotope ratios (d18O) are interpreted to be primarily driven by an \r\namount effect related to changes in the mean position and/or intensity of \r\nconvection of the intertropical convergence zone, the island's only source \r\nof precipitation. The M1-5 d18O time series is strongly correlated to the \r\nGreenland ice cores, similar to an older Socotra speleothem deposited from \r\n53-40ka [S.J. Burns, D. Fleitmann, A. Matter, J. Kramers, A. Al-Subbary,\r\nIndian Ocean climate and an absolute chronology over Dansgaard/Oeschger \r\nevents 9 to 13, Science 301 (2003) 1365 - 1367], indicating that a North \r\nAtlantic - Indian Ocean cold-dry/warm-wet teleconnection persisted through \r\nthe end of the last glacial period. Peak aridification occurred at ~23 ka \r\nand a gradual increase in moisture thereafter was interrupted by an abrupt \r\ndrying event at ~16.4 ka, perhaps related to Heinrich event 1. Indian Ocean \r\nrainfall increased dramatically during the Bølling period and then \r\ndecreased continuously and gradually through the Allerød and Younger Dryas. \r\nThe Holocene began abruptly with increased precipitation at 11.4 ka and was \r\nfollowed by a major but short-lived drying during the Preboreal Oscillation \r\nat ~11.2 ka.  M1-5 is highly correlated to the Dongge Cave record from \r\n15.5 - 11 ka, suggesting much of the Indian Ocean monsoon region responded \r\nsimilarly to the major climate changes of the last deglaciation. \r\nThe transitions into the Younger Dryas and to a lesser extent the Bølling \r\nare remarkably gradual in M1-5, as they are in all other Asian speleothem \r\nrecords, occurring over several centuries.  These gradual transitions are \r\nin striking contrast to high-resolution records from around the North \r\nAtlantic basin where the transitions are extremely abrupt and generally \r\noccur in under a century. This spatially variable pattern of climate change \r\nis consistent with an Atlantic origin for these deglacial climate events.","author":{"name":"Shakun, J.D., S.J. Burns, D. Fleitmann, J. Kramers, A. Matter, and A. Al-Subary"},"citation":"Shakun, J.D., S.J. Burns, D. Fleitmann, J. Kramers, A. Matter, and A. Al-Subary. 2007. A high-resolution, absolute-dated deglacial speleothem record of Indian Ocean climate from Socotra Island, Yemen. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 259(3-4), 442-456. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.004","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.004","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.004"},"issue":"3-4","journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":"442-456","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A high-resolution, absolute-dated deglacial speleothem record of Indian Ocean climate from Socotra Island, Yemen.","type":"publication","volume":"259"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"14638","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["12.5","54"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"54","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"12.5","southernmostLatitude":"12.5","westernmostLongitude":"54"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Western Asia>Middle East>Yemen","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"7913","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/yemen/moomi2007.txt","linkText":"moomi2007.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/yemen/moomi2007.xls","linkText":"moomi2007.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/syntrace/speleothem/cave-moomi-m1-5.txt","linkText":"cave-moomi-m1-5.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"M1-5","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-25420,"earliestYearBP":27370,"earliestYearCE":-25420,"mostRecentYear":-9136,"mostRecentYearBP":11086,"mostRecentYearCE":-9136,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Moomi Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Shakun et al. 2007 Socotra Island, Yemen Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data","studyNotes":"This dataset contains stable oxygen and carbon isotopes from stalagmite M1-5 \nfrom Moomi Cave, Socotra Island, Yemen (12º30'N, 54ºE) covering the interval \n~27-11 ka in decadal resolution.  717 samples in total were drilled along the \nspeleothem's growth axis using a 0.5 mm carbide dental burr and analyzed on a \nFinnegan Delta XL ratio mass spectrometer at the University of Massachusetts.  \n28 230-Th dates constrain the chronology and were measured at the University \nof Bern.\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"7309"}