{"NOAAStudyId":"8638","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2000-03-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-8638.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":168873,"earliestYearCE":-166923,"entryId":"noaa-cave-8638","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"The Ministry of Science of Israel.","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Frumkin, A.; Ford, D.C.; Schwarcz, H.P.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8638","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A speleothem isotopic record taken from Jerusalem is used \r\nto reconstruct regional climate over the last 170,000 years. \r\nGlacial periods in Jerusalem were generally cooler and wetter \r\nthan the present climate. Stage 5e in the desert margin of \r\nJerusalem was extremely unstable, dry, and warm, and instability \r\npersisted throughout the transition to glacial conditions. \r\nThe climate after stage 5e became gradually cooler and wetter \r\nover a 20,000-year interval and did not recover to interglacial \r\nconditions in stages 5c and 5a. The d13C varied by up to 12‰, \r\nfrom glacial (stages 6, 4, 3, 2) values of -10 to -12‰ that \r\nreflect dense C3 vegetation above the studied cave, and up to \r\n0‰ in early stage 5 when there was probably complete loss of \r\nvegetation. The climatic instability during interglacial periods \r\nis much larger than during glacial periods, and glacial/interglacial \r\ntransitions do not behave the same in each climatic cycle \r\nin this region.","author":null,"citation":"Frumkin, A., D.C. Ford, and H.P. Schwarcz. 2000. \r\nPaleoclimate and Vegetation of the Last Glacial Cycles \r\nin Jerusalem From a Speleothem Record. \r\nGlobal Biogeochem. Cycles, 14(3), 863-870. ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/1999GB001245","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001245"},"issue":null,"journal":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2000,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Paleoclimate and Vegetation of the Last Glacial Cycles in Jerusalem From a Speleothem Record","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Interglacial"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22944","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["31.783","35.15"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"35.15","maxElevationMeters":"700","minElevationMeters":"700","northernmostLatitude":"31.783","southernmostLatitude":"31.783","westernmostLongitude":"35.15"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Western Asia>Middle East>Israel","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20372","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/israel/jerusalem-west2000.txt","linkText":"jerusalem-west2000.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/israel/jerusalem-west2000.xls","linkText":"jerusalem-west2000.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"af12-frumkin2000","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":168873,"earliestYearBP":168873,"earliestYearCE":-166923,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Jerusalem West Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Frumkin et al. 2000 Jerusalem West Cave Carbon Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Carbon isotope data (d13C) from stalagmite AF12 from Jerusalem West Cave. \nThe original data files were lost - these data were digitized from\nFigure 3b by the WDC for Paleoclimatology. \n\nJerusalem West Cave:  ~31°47'N, ~35°9'E, 700 m elev. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"2284"}