{"NOAAStudyId":"9741","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-10-07","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-9741.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":7848,"earliestYearCE":-5898,"entryId":"noaa-cave-9741","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"EAR 0903071, EAR 0902867"}],"investigators":"Hardt, B.F.; Rowe, H.D.; Springer, G.S.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.","mostRecentYearBP":-24,"mostRecentYearCE":1974,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9741","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We present a replicated record of Holocene climate change \nfrom a cave in West Virginia, USA. Based on analysis of stable \nisotopes in precipitation (d18Ow) from the closest Global Network \nof Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) station in Coshocton, OH, \nwe interpret enriched oxygen isotopes in calcite (d18Oc) as \nrepresenting an increase in the relative contribution of summer \nprecipitation to annual totals. Significant coherence between \nlocal summer (July and August) precipitation and the Summer \nNorth Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) index on multi-decadal \ntimescales suggests that summer precipitation in our study area \nis strongly influenced by changes in the Bermuda High. \nA strengthened Bermuda High circulation would increase summer \nprecipitation amounts in the region and lead to enriched d18Oc \nof speleothem calcite. Our d18Oc record achieves maximum values \nduring the mid-Holocene, consistent with previous studies \nindicating an intensified Bermuda High circulation at that time. \nAt 4.2 ka, d18Oc transitions to lower values at a time when \nnumerous records around the globe document significant changes \nin the hydrologic budget. Over the last 2000 years, there are \nintervals of substantially decreased d18Oc, coincident with \naridity in the Yucatan, Alpine glacial advances, and a weakened \nAsian summer monsoon. \n\n","author":null,"citation":"Hardt, B., H.D. Rowe, G.S. Springer, H. Cheng, and R.L. Edwards. 2010. \nThe seasonality of east central North American precipitation based on \nthree coeval Holocene speleothems from southern West Virginia. \nEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 295, pp. 342-348.  \ndoi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.04.002","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2010.04.002","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.04.002"},"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The seasonality of east central North American precipitation based on  three coeval Holocene speleothems from southern West Virginia","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["hydrology"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22946","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["37.976","-80.4"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-80.4","maxElevationMeters":"600","minElevationMeters":"600","northernmostLatitude":"37.976","southernmostLatitude":"37.976","westernmostLongitude":"-80.4"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>West Virginia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"18640","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/westvirginia/buckeye-creek2010.txt","linkText":"buckeye-creek2010.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/westvirginia/buckeye-creek2010.xls","linkText":"buckeye-creek2010.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"BCC-004","dataTableNotes":"Stalagmite BCC-4\r\n","earliestYear":7184,"earliestYearBP":7184,"earliestYearCE":-5234,"mostRecentYear":78,"mostRecentYearBP":78,"mostRecentYearCE":1872,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"18641","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/westvirginia/buckeye-creek2010.txt","linkText":"buckeye-creek2010.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/westvirginia/buckeye-creek2010.xls","linkText":"buckeye-creek2010.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"BCC-006","dataTableNotes":"Stalagmite BCC-6\r\n","earliestYear":7848,"earliestYearBP":7848,"earliestYearCE":-5898,"mostRecentYear":-24,"mostRecentYearBP":-24,"mostRecentYearCE":1974,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"20332","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/westvirginia/buckeye-creek2010.txt","linkText":"buckeye-creek2010.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/westvirginia/buckeye-creek2010.xls","linkText":"buckeye-creek2010.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"BCC-COMP","dataTableNotes":"Composite core of Buckeye cave","earliestYear":7847,"earliestYearBP":7847,"earliestYearCE":-5897,"mostRecentYear":37,"mostRecentYearBP":37,"mostRecentYearCE":1913,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"20477","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/westvirginia/buckeye-creek2010.txt","linkText":"buckeye-creek2010.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/westvirginia/buckeye-creek2010.xls","linkText":"buckeye-creek2010.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"bcc-002-hardt2010","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":6945,"earliestYearBP":6945,"earliestYearCE":-4995,"mostRecentYear":37,"mostRecentYearBP":37,"mostRecentYearCE":1913,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Buckeye Creek Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Buckeye Creek Cave 7000 Year Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Oxygen isotope data from three stalagmites collected \nin Buckeye Creek Cave, West Virginia.  Stalagmites \nBCC-2, BCC-4, and BCC-6 were collected >1 km from \nthe cave entrance and ~35 m below the surface. \nOxygen isotope samples were milled at 1-mm intervals, \nwith results reported in per mil V-PDB. \n\nData notes:\nUranium and thorium isotopic compositions and 230Th ages by ICP-MS\n\nAnalytical errors are 2s of the mean.\n*a d234U = ([234U/238U]activity - 1) x 1000.\n*b d234Uinitial corrected was calculated based on 230Th age (T), i.e., d234Uinitial = d234Umeasured X el234*T, and T is corrected age.\n*c [230Th/238U]activity = 1 - e-l230T + (d234Umeasured/1000)[l230/(l230 - l234)](1 - e-(l230 - l234) T), where T is the age.\n   Decay constants are 9.1577 x 10-6 yr-1 for 230Th, 2.8263 x 10-6 yr-1 for 234U, and 1.55125 x 10-10 yr-1 for 238U (Cheng et al., 2000).\n*d The degree of detrital 230Th contamination is indicated by the [230Th/232Th] atomic ratio instead of the activity ratio.\n*e Age corrections were calculated using an average crustal 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4 x 10-6 ± 2.2 x 10-6.\n   Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the crustal 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily \n   assumed to be 50%.\n\n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"8691"}