{"NOAAStudyId":"9742","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-10-07","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-9742.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":18958,"earliestYearCE":-17008,"entryId":"noaa-cave-9742","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"0502535"},{"fundingAgency":"National Basic Research Program of China","fundingGrant":"2004CB720206"},{"fundingAgency":"National Science Foundation of China ","fundingGrant":"40403001,  40531003"},{"fundingAgency":"Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation","fundingGrant":"CC8"}],"investigators":"Cai, Y.; Tan, L.; Cheng, H.; An, Z.; Edwards, R.L.; Kelly, M.J.; Kong, X.; Wang, X.","mostRecentYearBP":-48,"mostRecentYearCE":1998,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9742","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Two stalagmites (C996-1 and C996-2) collected from the Jiuxian Cave \nin the Shaanxi Province in central China have been studied with \nU-series dating and stable isotope analysis. Thirty-eight 230Th \ndating results showed that the stalagmite C996-1 was continuously \ndeposited through the last 8.5 ka BP (thousand years before present, \npresent=1950 AD), and C996-2 was deposited through the last 19 ka BP \nexcluding two growth hiatuses between 8.3 and 5.7 ka BP, and 15.4 \nand 11.9 ka BP. With a relatively stable boundary condition, \nwe interpret the d18O of speleothem calcite as most indicative \nof the amount of summer monsoon precipitation, although temperature \nand other factors might have some minor impact. The  d18O records \nshow notable changes within the last glacial maximum (LGM), \nresembling other East Asian monsoon records such as those from \nthe Hulu and Sanbao Caves, suggesting that significant monsoonal \nclimate changes occurred in eastern Asia as far north as the \nQinling Mountains during the LGM interval. A comparison of our \nrecords to precisely dated contemporaneous speleothem records \nfrom other caves shows that the increasing trend of d18O during \nthe Holocene commenced as early as ~7.5 ka BP in the low-latitude \nmonsoonal area, i.e. the Hoti Cave, while at higher latitudes this \nshift occurred later, such as ~7.0 ka BP in the Dongge Cave, \n~5.3 ka BP in the Heshang Cave, ~4.7 ka BP in the Sanbao Cave and \n~4.5 ka BP in the Jiuxian Cave. These results imply an asynchronous \nchange of the summer monsoon precipitation occurred in East Asia \nduring the Holocene. The asynchrony may be related to the responses \nof a coupled tropical and subtropical monsoon system to changes \nof the insolation and the differences in thermal forcing, which \nresult from the complex geographical configuration. The variation \nof sea surface temperature (SST) in the western tropical Pacific \nmay also have important impacts on the summer monsoon precipitation \nchanges in central and northern China because it affects the \nNorthwestern Pacific Subtropical High, a monsoon-front regulator. \nMore robust tests are needed to confirm this phenomenon and to \nevaluate the contribution of different factors in detail. \n","author":null,"citation":"Cai, Y., L. Tan, H. Cheng, Z. An, R.L. Edwards, M.J. Kelly, \nX. Kong, and X. Wang. 2010. \nThe variation of summer monsoon precipitation in central China \nsince the last deglaciation. \nEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 291, pp.21-31. \ndoi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.039 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.039 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.039 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The variation of summer monsoon precipitation in central China  since the last deglaciation","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Monsoon"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"31437","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["33.5667","109.1"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"109.1","maxElevationMeters":"1495","minElevationMeters":"1495","northernmostLatitude":"33.5667","southernmostLatitude":"33.5667","westernmostLongitude":"109.1"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Eastern Asia>China","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"18642","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/jiuxian2010.txt","linkText":"jiuxian2010.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/jiuxian2010.xls","linkText":"jiuxian2010.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/syntrace/speleothem/cave-jiuxian-c996-1.txt","linkText":"cave-jiuxian-c996-1.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"C996-1","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":8614,"earliestYearBP":8614,"earliestYearCE":-6664,"mostRecentYear":-48,"mostRecentYearBP":-48,"mostRecentYearCE":1998,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"18643","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/jiuxian2010.txt","linkText":"jiuxian2010.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/jiuxian2010.xls","linkText":"jiuxian2010.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/syntrace/speleothem/cave-jiuxian-c996-2.txt","linkText":"cave-jiuxian-c996-2.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"C996-2","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":18958,"earliestYearBP":18958,"earliestYearCE":-17008,"mostRecentYear":-8,"mostRecentYearBP":-8,"mostRecentYearCE":1958,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Jiuxian Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Jiuxian Cave, China 19KYr Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data ","studyNotes":"Oxygen isotope data and U-Th dates from two stalagmites collected in \n1999 near the end of Jiuxian Cave, Shaanxi Province, central China. \nStalagmite C996-1 is ~32 cm in height and 8-13 cm in diameter, and \nstalagmite C996-2 is ~21 cm in height and 6-9 cm in diameter. \nTwenty-three and fifteen 230Th dates were acquired from C996-1 \nand C996-2, respectively.  The chronologies show that C996-1 \nwas continuously deposited through the past 8.5 ka BP, and C996-2 \ngrew through the past 19.0 ka BP, excluding two hiatuses between \n8.3 and 5.7 ka BP, and 15.4 and 11.9 ka BP.  Temporal resolutions \nfor the d18O measurements vary from 4 to 77 years for C996-1, \nand from 36 to 112 years for C996-2. \n\nData:\n230Th dating results of two stalagmites from Jiuxian cave by ICP-MS. The error is 2sigma error.\nLambda230=9.1577×10-6 year-1, Lambda234=2.8263×10-6 year-1 (Cheng et al., 2000), Lambda238=1.55125×10-10 year-1 \n(Jaffey et al., 1971).\nCorrected 230Th ages assume the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4±2.2×10-6. Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%.\n\n*a d234U=([234U/238U]activity-1)×1000.\n*b d234Uinitial was calculated based on 230Th age (T), i.e., d234Uinitial=d234Umeasured×eLambda234×T.\n*c BP stands for “Before Present” where the “Present” is defined as the year 1950 AD.\n\n\n\n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"8692"}