{"NOAAStudyId":"9792","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-07-22","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-9792.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":29876,"earliestYearCE":-27926,"entryId":"noaa-cave-9792","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology ","fundingGrant":"UOAX0213"},{"fundingAgency":"Australian Research Council support to J-X. Zhao","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Williams, P.W.; Neil, H.L.; Zhao, J.-x.","mostRecentYearBP":508,"mostRecentYearCE":1442,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9792","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The occurrence of speleothems in New Zealand with reversed magnetism \nindicates that secondary calcite deposition in caves has occurred \nfor more than 780 thousand years (ka). 394 uranium-series dates \non 148 speleothems show that such deposition has taken place \nsomewhere in the country with little interruption for more than \n500 ka. A relative probability distribution of speleothem ages \nindicates that most growth occurred in mild, moist interglacial \nand interstadial intervals, a conclusion reinforced by comparing \npeaks and troughs in the distribution with time series curves \nof speleothem d18O and d13C values. The stable isotope time series \nwere constructed using data from 15 speleothems from two different \nregions of the country. The greater the number of overlapping \nspeleothem series (i.e. the greater the sample depth) for any one \nregion, the more confidence is justified in considering the stacked \nrecord to be representative of the region.  Revising and extending \nearlier work, composite records are produced for central-west North \nIsland (CWNI) and north-west South Island (NWSI). Both demonstrate \nthat over the last 15 ka the regions responded similarly to global \nclimatic events, but that the North Island site was also influenced \nby the waxing and waning of regional subtropical marine influences \nthat penetrated from the north but did not reach the higher latitudes \nof the South Island. Cooling marking the commencement of the last \nglacial maximum (LGM) was evident from about 28 ka. There was a \nmid-LGM interstadial at 23-21.7 ka and Termination 1 occurred around \n18.1 ka. The glacial-interglacial transition was marked by a series \nof negative excursions in d18O that coincide with dated recessional \nmoraines in South Island glaciers. A late glacial cooling event, \nthe NZ Late Glacial Reversal, occurred from 13.4-11.2 ka and this \nwas followed by an early Holocene optimum at 10.8 ka. Comparison \nof d18O records from NWSI and EPICA DML ice-core shows climatic \nevents in New Zealand to lag those in Antarctica by several \ncenturies to a thousand years. Waxing and waning of subantarctic \nand subtropical oceanic influences in the Tasman Sea are\nconsidered the immediate drivers of palaeoclimatic change.\n","author":null,"citation":"Williams, P.W., H. Neil, and J.-X. Zhao. 2010. \nAge frequency distribution and revised stable isotope curves \nfor New Zealand speleothems: palaeoclimatic implications. \nInternational Journal of Speleology, 39(2), 99-112. \nBologna (Italy). ISSN 0392-6672. \n","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"International Journal of Speleology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Age frequency distribution and revised stable isotope curves  for New Zealand speleothems: palaeoclimatic implications. ","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Last Glacial Maximum"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"31473","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-42","172"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"172","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"-42","southernmostLatitude":"-42","westernmostLongitude":"172"}},"locationName":"Continent>Australia/New Zealand>New Zealand","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20173","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>trace metals","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/south-island2010.txt","linkText":"south-island2010.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for ice volume","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>trace metals","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/south-island2010.xls","linkText":"south-island2010.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"nz-comp-001","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":29876,"earliestYearBP":29876,"earliestYearCE":-27926,"mostRecentYear":508,"mostRecentYearBP":508,"mostRecentYearCE":1442,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"NWSI north-west of the South Island"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"New Zealand South Island 30KYr Speleothem Stable Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Composite speleothem d18O and d13C data for north-west South Island, \nNew Zealand. d18O data are ice volume corrected (ivc) assuming \n1.2 per mil correction at 20 ka.  The original data were published \nin Williams et al. (2005) and were based on 8 speleothems with \n43 TIMS dates. The new record is constructed from the same 8 \nspeleothems but has 56 dates and 641 stable isotope data points, \nand extends from 500 - 30 000 years BP.\t \n\nNorthwest South Island ~42°S, 172°E. \n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"8727"}