{"NOAAStudyId":"10271","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-01-25","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-10271.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":13,"earliestYearCE":1937,"entryId":"noaa-coral-10271","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US Department of Energy","fundingGrant":"LLNL LDRD 01-ERI-009"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE-9796253"}],"investigators":"Guilderson, T.P.; Fallon, S.R.; Moore, M.D.; Schrag, D.P.; Charles, C.D.","mostRecentYearBP":-40,"mostRecentYearCE":1990,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10271","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We have explored surface water mixing in the Lombok Strait \r\nthrough a bimonthly resolved surface water D14C time series \r\nreconstructed from a coral in the Lombok Strait that spans \r\n1937 through 1990.  The prebomb surface water D14C average \r\nis -60.5%, and individual samples range from -72% to 134%. \r\nThe annual average postbomb maximum occurs in 1973 at 122%. \r\nThe timing of the postbomb maximum is consistent with a \r\nprimary subtropical source for the surface waters in the \r\nIndonesian seas.  During the postbomb period, the coral \r\nrecords regular seasonal cycles of 5% to 20%.  Seasonal \r\nhigh D14C occur during March-May (warm, low salinity), \r\nand low D14C occur in September (cool, higher salinity). \r\nThe D14C seasonality is coherent and in phase with the \r\nseasonal D14C cycle observed in Makassar Strait. \r\nWe estimate the influence of high D14C Makassar Strait \r\n(North Pacific) water flowing through the Lombok Strait \r\nusing a two end-member mixing model and the seasonal \r\nextremes observed at the two sites. The percentage \r\nof Makassar Strait water varies between 16% and 70%, \r\nand between 1955 and 1990, it averages at 40%. \r\nThe rich D14C variability has a biennial component \r\nreflecting remote equatorial Indian Ocean forcing \r\nand a component in the ENSO band, which is interpreted \r\nto reflect Pacific forcing on the D14C signature \r\nin Lombok Strait. \r\n\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Guilderson, T.P., S. Fallon, M.D. Moore, D.P. Schrag, \r\nand C.D. Charles. 2009. \r\nSeasonally resolved surface water D14C variability \r\nin the Lombok Strait: A coralline perspective. \r\nJ. Geophys. Res., 114, C07029, doi:10.1029/2008JC004876 \r\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2008JC004876 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JC004876 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Seasonally resolved surface water D14C variability  in the Lombok Strait: A coralline perspective","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"36892","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-8.2333","115.5"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"115.5","maxElevationMeters":"-5","minElevationMeters":"-5","northernmostLatitude":"-8.2333","southernmostLatitude":"-8.2333","westernmostLongitude":"115.5"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Indonesia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19057","coreLengthMeters":1,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/padang-bai2009.txt","linkText":"padang-bai2009.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for a delta 13C of -25 per mil PDB and for decay since the time of formation (Stuiver and Polach 1977)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"accelerator mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil NBS oxalic acid","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/padang-bai2009.xls","linkText":"padang-bai2009.xls","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"PB1","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1937,"earliestYearBP":13,"earliestYearCE":1937,"mostRecentYear":1990,"mostRecentYearBP":-40,"mostRecentYearCE":1990,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Padang Bai"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Padang Bai, Indonesia 20th Century Coral 14C Data ","studyNotes":"Coral radiocarbon (Delta-14C) on untreated, low-speed drilled samples. \nPrecision is ~±3.5 per mil as documented by an in-house homogenized \ncoral standard, and presented as AGE CORRECTED DELTA-14C \n[see Stuiver and Polach, 1977].  Coral cores were drilled in \nJanuary 1990 from an exceptionally large Porites colony growing \nat a depth of 5 m at Padang Bai, Bali on the southern edge of \nLombok Strait.  The recovered coral cores span nearly 300 yr \nof growth and a long (1 mm resolved) stable isotope record can be \nfound in the work of Charles et al. [2003]. We have focused our \nradiocarbon work on the uppermost ~70 cm of the coral which mainly \ncovers the pre to postbomb period.  The cores were cut into 9 mm slabs, \nultrasonically cleaned in distilled water, and air dried. \nAfter identifying the major vertical growth axis, the coral was \nsequentially sampled at 2 mm increments with a low-speed drill. \nWhere necessary, we overlapped parallel sample tracts in order to \nadequately splice sections together. Splits (1 mg) were reacted \nin vacuo in a modified autocarbonate device at 90C and the purified \nCO2 analyzed on a gas source stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. \nThe remaining sample splits (8-9 mg) were placed in individual \nreaction chambers, evacuated, heated, and acidified with \northophosphoric acid at 90C. The evolved CO2 was purified, trapped, \nand converted to graphite in the presence of iron catalyst and a \nstoichiometric excess of hydrogen [Vogel et al., 1987]. \nGraphite targets were measured at the Center for Accelerator \nMass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. \nRadiocarbon results are reported in conventional per mil (%) \nnotation as age corrected DELTA(14C) as defined by Stuiver \nand Polach [1977] and include a background correction using \n14C-free calcite, and the d13C correction obtained from the \nstable isotope results. Analytical precision and accuracy \nof the radiocarbon measurements is ~±3.5% (1s sd).  \nWe created a preliminary age model based upon the seasonal \nstructure within the d13C record and sclerochronology.  \nThe final, and reported age model is based on tuning preliminary \nage model relating the coral d18O to the seasonal cycle of (d18Ow) \nsalinity and temperature.  The seasonal extremes were anchored to \nMarch/April and September of each year consistent with instrumental \nobservations of temperature, salinity, and cloudiness.  In keeping \nwith the definition of \"high-precision radiocarbon\" \n[Stuiver and Polach, 1977] the data have been rounded to \nzero significant figures.\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"8944"}