{"NOAAStudyId":"10272","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-01-25","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-10272.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":13,"earliestYearCE":1937,"entryId":"noaa-coral-10272","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US Department of Energy","fundingGrant":"LLNL LDRD 01-ERI-009"}],"investigators":"Fallon, S.R.; Guilderson, T.P.","mostRecentYearBP":-40,"mostRecentYearCE":1990,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10272","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"To explore the seasonal to decadal variability in surface water \r\nmasses that contribute to the Indonesian throughflow, we have \r\ngenerated a 115-year bimonthly coral-based radiocarbon time series \r\nfrom a coral in the Makassar Straits. In the pre-bomb (pre-1955)\r\nera from 1890 to 1954, the radiocarbon time series occasionally \r\ndisplays a small seasonal signal (10-15%). After 1954 the radiocarbon \r\nrecord increases rapidly, in response to the increased atmospheric \r\n14C content caused by nuclear weapons testing.  From 1957 to 1986 \r\nthe record displays clear seasonal variability from 15 to 60% \r\nand the post-bomb peak (163 per mil) occurred in 1974. The seasonal \r\ncycle of radiocarbon can be attributed to variations of surface \r\nwaters passing through the South Makassar Strait. Southern Makassar \r\nis under the influence of the Northwest Monsoon, which is responsible \r\nfor the high austral summer radiocarbon (North Pacific waters) \r\nand the Southeast Monsoon that flushes back a mixture of low \r\n(South Pacific and upwelling altered) radiocarbon water from \r\nthe Banda Sea. The coral record also shows a significant 14C peak \r\nin 1955 due to the bomb-14C water advected into this region from \r\nnuclear weapons tests in the Marshall Islands in 1954. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Fallon, S.J. and T.P. Guilderson. 2008. \r\nSurface water processes in the Indonesian throughflow \r\nas documented by a high-resolution coral D14C record. \r\nJ. Geophys. Res., 113, C09001, doi:10.1029/2008JC004722 \r\n\r\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2008JC004722","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JC004722"},"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Surface water processes in the Indonesian throughflow  as documented by a high-resolution coral D14C record. ","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"36893","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-5.0333","119.0667"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"119.0667","maxElevationMeters":"-4","minElevationMeters":"-4","northernmostLatitude":"-5.0333","southernmostLatitude":"-5.0333","westernmostLongitude":"119.0667"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Indonesia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19058","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/langkai2008.xls","linkText":"langkai2008.xls","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/fallon2008_noaa.txt","linkText":"fallon2008_noaa.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for a delta 13C of -25 per mil PDB and for decay since the time of formation (Stuiver and Polach 1977)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lutea","cvMethod":"accelerator mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil NBS oxalic acid","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"}]}],"dataTableName":"LI001","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1937,"earliestYearBP":13,"earliestYearCE":1937,"mostRecentYear":1990,"mostRecentYearBP":-40,"mostRecentYearCE":1990,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Langkai Island"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Langkai, Makassar Strait 120 Year Coral 14C Data","studyNotes":"Coral radiocarbon (Delta-14C) on untreated, low-speed drilled \nsamples. Precision is ±3.5 per mil as documented by an in-house \nhomogenized coral standard, and presented as AGE CORRECTED DELTA-14C \n[see Stuiver and Polach, 1977].  Cores were taken from a large \nPorites lutea coral in 4m water depth from the south coast of \nLangkai Island 35km west of Sulawesi by M. Moore. Cores were split \nand cleaned with distilled water. After identifying the major \nvertical growth axis, the coral was sequentially sampled at 2 mm \nincrements with a low-speed drill. Splits (~1 mg) were reacted \nin vacuo in a modified autocarbonate device at 90°C and the \npurified CO2 analyzed on a gas source stable isotope ratio mass \nspectrometer. The  remaining sample splits (~10 mg) were placed \nin individual reaction chambers, evacuated, heated, and then \nacidified with orthophosphoric acid at 90°C.  The evolved CO2 \nwas  purified, trapped, and converted to graphite in the presence \nof hydrogen and an iron catalyst in individual reactors \n[Vogel et al., 1987]. Graphite targets were measured at \nthe Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence \nLivermore National Laboratory [Davis et al., 1990].  \nRadiocarbon results are reported as age-corrected Delta-14C \n(per mil) as defined  by Stuiver and Polach [1977] and include \nthe d13C correction obtained from the stable isotope results.  \nAnalytical precision and accuracy of the radiocarbon measurements \nis ~±3.5 per mil (1s) based on repeated analyses of an in-house \nhomogenized near-modern coral and accepted secondary and tertiary \nradiocarbon standards.   An initial age-model was constructed \nusing the seasonal variability in coral d13C. To generate the \nprimary time series we pinned the minimum d13C to February of \neach year, and linearly interpolated the data between marker \npoints. Coral d18O is negatively correlated with water temperature, \nthe summer d18O coral signal is heavily influenced by rainfall \nand runoff, so we matched the coral d18O maxima to the winter SST \nminimum from the GOSTA SST atlas.  Age model uncertainties are \nestimated to be better than +/- 2 months.  In keeping with the \ndefinition of \"high-precision radiocarbon\" data have been rounded \nto zero significant figures. \n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"8945"}