{"NOAAStudyId":"12216","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-10-12","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-12216.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":50,"earliestYearCE":1900,"entryId":"noaa-coral-12216","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Geological Society of America","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"0610487, 0426022, 0542415"},{"fundingAgency":"Andrew W. Mellon Foundation","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Williams, B.; Grottoli, A.G.","mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12216","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Long records of subsurface ocean observations are key to constrain \r\nour understanding of the climate response of the tropical Pacific \r\nto increasing greenhouse gases. Due to the lack of continuous ocean \r\nobservations, proxies become essential to estimate changes in the \r\ntropical thermocline related to changes in Walker circulation. \r\nHere, we present high resolution stable nitrogen (d15N) and carbon \r\n(d13C) isotope records from three proteinaceous corals spanning \r\nthe top 105 m of the euphotic zone from an offshore Palauan reef \r\nin the western tropical Pacific. Dated with radiocarbon-derived \r\ngrowth chronologies, these isotope records indicate a shoaling \r\nof the mean nutricline and thus the thermocline as well, \r\nand a likely increase in primary productivity in the western \r\ntropical Pacific since the mid-to-late 1970s. Thus, these are \r\nthe first subsurface proxy data extending below 20 m to support \r\na slowdown of the tropical Pacific Walker circulation during \r\nthe 20th Century. \r\n\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Williams, B. and A.G. Grottoli. 2010. \r\nRecent shoaling of the nutricline and thermocline \r\nin the western tropical Pacific. \r\nGeophysical research Letters, Vol. 37, L22601. \r\ndoi:10.1029/2010GL044867.","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2010GL044867","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044867"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Recent shoaling of the nutricline and thermocline  in the western tropical Pacific","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52422","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["7.2678","134.5178"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"134.5178","maxElevationMeters":"105","minElevationMeters":"105","northernmostLatitude":"7.2678","southernmostLatitude":"7.2678","westernmostLongitude":"134.5178"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Western Pacific Ocean>Micronesia>Palau","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20539","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/palau2010.txt","linkText":"palau2010.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Antipathes sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Antipathes sp.","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Antipathes sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Antipathes sp.","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Muricella sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Muricella sp.","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Muricella sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Muricella sp.","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/palau2010.xls","linkText":"palau2010.xls","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"A5m","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1966,"earliestYearBP":-16,"earliestYearCE":1966,"mostRecentYear":2006,"mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"20540","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/palau2010.txt","linkText":"palau2010.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Antipathes sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Antipathes sp.","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Antipathes sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Antipathes sp.","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Muricella sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Muricella sp.","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Muricella sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Muricella sp.","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/palau2010.xls","linkText":"palau2010.xls","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"M85m","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1900,"earliestYearBP":50,"earliestYearCE":1900,"mostRecentYear":2006,"mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"20541","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/palau2010.txt","linkText":"palau2010.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Antipathes sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Antipathes sp.","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Antipathes sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Antipathes sp.","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Muricella sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Muricella sp.","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Muricella sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for depth according to Williams and Grottoli (GCA 2010)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Muricella sp.","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/palau2010.xls","linkText":"palau2010.xls","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"M105m","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1944,"earliestYearBP":6,"earliestYearCE":1944,"mostRecentYear":2007,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Short Drop Off Reef"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Palau 100 Year Gorgonian and Black Coral Stable Isotope Data ","studyNotes":"This dataset contains stable isotope (d13C and d15N) values \nfrom three proteinaceous corals (Antipathes sp and Muricella sp) \ncollected from Short Drop Off reef, 2 km offshore of Palau \nin the western tropical Pacific. Corals were collected from \n5 m, 85 m, and 105 m depth. Stable isotopes were measured \nby combusting each organic skeletal sample in a Costech \nElemental Analyzer where the resulting N2 and CO2 gases \nwere analyzed with a Finnigan Delta IV Plus isotope ratio mass \nspectrometer via a Finnigan ConFlow III open split interface. \nD15N values were reported relative to air. d13C values were \nreported relative to Vienna Peedee Belemnite Limestone Standard \n(VPDB). The standard deviation of the mean of repeated measurements \nof internal standards was ±0.15 per mil for d15N and ±0.06 for d13C. \nAt least 10% of all samples were run in duplicate. The stable \nisotope records were depth-corrected according to Williams \nand Grottoli (GCA, 2010). Growth chronologies for the stable \nisotope records were developed through identification of the \n14C bomb-curve. D14C was measured at the National Ocean Sciences \nAccelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) Facility at the Woods Hole \nOceanographic Institution using standard NOSAMS methods \n[Osborne et al., 1994]. Values were reported as D14C \n(the per mil deviation of 14C/12C of the sample relative to \nthat of 95% Oxalic Acid-1 standard) and were blank corrected. \nThe reported uncertainty of duplicate analyses of a known \nstandard was typically ±5-8 per mil. \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10278"}