{"NOAAStudyId":"12278","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-11-23","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-12278.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":-28,"earliestYearCE":1978,"entryId":"noaa-coral-12278","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Australian Research Council  ","fundingGrant":"DP0664313, DP1092945"},{"fundingAgency":"Australian Institute of Nuclear  Science and Engineering Research (AINSE)","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)","fundingGrant":"CcASH"}],"investigators":"McGregor, H.V.; Fischer, M.J.; Gagan, M.K.; Fink, D.; Woodroffe, C.D.","mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12278","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Understanding the influence of climatic and non-climatic factors \r\non geochemical signals in corals is critical for assessing \r\ncoral-derived records of tropical climate variability. \r\nPorites microatolls form large, disk-shaped colonies constrained \r\nin their upward growth by exposure at or close to mean spring \r\nlow water level, and occur on Indo-Pacific reefs. Microatolls \r\nappear suitable for paleoclimate reconstruction, however the \r\nsystematics of the microatoll chemistry-climate relationship \r\nare yet to be characterized. In this study, the d18O signal \r\nin Porites microatolls from well-flushed reef flats on Kiritimati \r\n(Christmas) Island, central Pacific was investigated for intra-coral \r\n(growth aspect and extension rate effects) and between-coral effects, \r\nand to explore the climate signal contained within their skeletons. \r\nSamples for d18O analysis were taken from six individual transects \r\nfrom different positions within Porites microatoll XM22. The results \r\nshow that: (1) the average standard deviation for the mean d18O \r\nvalues of transects that represent the same time periods is 0.03 \r\nper mil, and is within measurement error for a single analysis \r\n(0.04 per mil); (2) the average standard deviation for time-equivalent, \r\nnear-monthly samples along the transects within the same microatoll \r\nis 0.07 per mil and; (3) comparison of the average d18O values of \r\nrecords for different microatolls from across Kiritimati Island \r\nshow only a small between-coral differences of 0.04 per mil \r\nand 0.11 per mil for different time periods. These differences \r\nin mean d18O are within the range for intra- and inter-colony \r\ndifferences in seasonal and interannual d18O reported for \r\ndome-shaped Porites. Based on these results, a stacked microatoll \r\nd18O record was constructed for the period 1978-2007 for comparison \r\nwith published coral d18O records for nearby dome-shaped Porites. \r\nThere is a systematic offset between the two types of records, \r\nwhich is probably due to variations in d18O seawater across \r\nKiritimati Island. Despite the offset, all records show similar \r\namplitudes for the seasonal-cycle of d18O, and there is a strong \r\ncorrelation (r = -0.71) between microatoll d18O and local sea \r\nsurface temperature (SST). The d18O-SST slope relationship \r\nfor microatolls is -0.15 per mil/°C, very similar to that reported \r\nfor fast-growing domed corals (-0.18 per mil to -0.22 per mil/°C). \r\nStatistical analysis of the stacked microatoll d18O record shows \r\nthat it is correlated with both local and large-scale climate \r\nvariables (primarily SST) at semiannual, annual and interannual \r\ntimescales. Our results show that the signal reproducibility \r\nand fidelity of skeletal d18O in coral microatolls is comparable \r\nto that observed for more conventional coral growth forms. \r\nLonger-lived, and fossil, Porites microatolls, where they have \r\ngrown in suitably flushed environments, are likely to contain \r\nd18O signals that can significantly extend instrumental records \r\nof tropical climate variability.\r\n\r\n","author":null,"citation":"McGregor, H.V., M.J. Fischer, M.K. Gagan, D. Fink, \r\nand C.D. Woodroffe. 2011. \r\nEnvironmental control of the oxygen isotope composition \r\nof Porites coral microatolls.\r\nGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 75, No. 14, \r\npp. 3930-3944, 15 July 2011.  doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.04.017 \r\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.04.017","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.04.017"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Environmental control of the oxygen isotope composition  of Porites coral microatolls","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Woodroffe, C.D. and M.K. Gagan. 2000. \r\nCoral microatolls from the central Pacific record late Holocene El Niño. \r\nGeophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 27, No. 10, pp. 1511-1514, May 15, 2000. \r\n2000GL01140","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2000,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Coral microatolls from the central Pacific record late Holocene El Niño","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Woodroffe, C.D., M.R. Beech, and M.K. Gagan. 2003.  \r\nMid-late Holocene El Niño variability in the equatorial Pacific \r\nfrom coral microatolls. \r\nGeophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 30(7), pp. 1358, doi:10.1029/2002GL015868. ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2002GL015868","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015868"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"3","pubYear":2003,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Mid-late Holocene El Niño variability in the equatorial Pacific  from coral microatolls","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"1852","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["2","-157.3"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-157.3","maxElevationMeters":"-9","minElevationMeters":"-9","northernmostLatitude":"2","southernmostLatitude":"2","westernmostLongitude":"-157.3"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Central Pacific Ocean>Kiribati","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20622","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/kiritimati2011.txt","linkText":"kiritimati2011.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":"95% confidence interval margin of error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/kiritimati2011.xls","linkText":"kiritimati2011.xls","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Microatoll2011","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1978,"earliestYearBP":-28,"earliestYearCE":1978,"mostRecentYear":2007,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Kiritimati Island"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Kiritimati Island Porites Coral Microatoll d18O Data","studyNotes":"Porites coral microatoll oxygen isotope (d18O) data at monthly \nresolution, from samples collected near Kiritimati (Christmas) \nIsland in the central Pacific. Data include individual colony \nd18O series, both new and previously published, plus a stacked \nd18O record combining data from 3 colonies. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10340"}