{"NOAAStudyId":"12893","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-04-03","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-12893.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":55,"earliestYearCE":1895,"entryId":"noaa-coral-12893","funding":[],"investigators":"Hetzinger, S.; Pfeiffer, M.; Dullo, W.-C.; Garbe-Schönberg, D.; Halfar, J.","mostRecentYearBP":-49,"mostRecentYearCE":1999,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12893","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We have generated 104-year long (1895-1999) monthly d18O and Sr/Ca \r\ntime series from a fast-growing Diploria strigosa coral core drilled \r\noff Guadeloupe Island, Lesser Antilles. Coral Sr/Ca reliably records \r\ninterannual to decadal surface air temperature (SAT) variations in \r\nthe region and shows a pronounced warming of approximately 1.5°C \r\nsince 1950, with the strongest warming (1.2°C) occurring since 1975. \r\nThis warming is also evident in SAT measured at Guadeloupe, which ends \r\nin 1951. Thus, our Sr/Ca series extends the air temperature record \r\nby 56 years. We find that the past few decades are the warmest years \r\nover the entire period of record. The accelerated warming since 1950 \r\nis accompanied by a pronounced decrease in regional precipitation. \r\nThis dampens the warming signal indicated by coral d18O, which is \r\ntoo low (only 0.7-0.8°C since 1951). Consistently, d18Osw estimated \r\nfrom the coral proxies also shows a strong decrease since 1950. \r\nOur data suggest an inverse relationship between SAT and precipitation \r\n(i.e. warmer and drier) for the latter half of the 20th century \r\nwith the strongest trends since the mid-1970s. This is consistent \r\nwith recent observational and model data, which report that while \r\nover the tropical oceans rainfall has increased due to an increase in \r\nsea surface temperatures, precipitation over land regions is reduced. \r\nA continuation of this warming and drying trend over Caribbean land \r\nregions would have severe societal consequences, especially in the \r\ncontext of anthropogenic warming. \r\n\r\nThe El Niño Southern-Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic \r\nOscillation (NAO) are the two major climate modes affecting \r\nlarge-scale SST variability in the northern tropical Atlantic. \r\nBoth Sr/Ca and d18O show a close relationship to ENSO and the NAO. \r\nA quantitative comparison between extremes in mean March-May coral \r\nd18O and the Nino3 and NAO indices imply that climate variability \r\nin the northern tropical Atlantic is mainly forced by tropical \r\nPacific and North Atlantic variability. Spectral analysis suggests \r\nthat the relative importance of ENSO and the NAO is frequency \r\ndependent, with ENSO dominating at interannual, and the NAO \r\ndominating at interdecadal time scales. ","author":null,"citation":"Hetzinger, S., M. Pfeiffer, W.-C. Dullo, D. Garbe-Schönberg, \r\nand J. Halfar. 2010. \r\nRapid 20th century warming in the Caribbean and impact \r\nof remote forcing on climate in the northern tropical \r\nAtlantic as recorded in a Guadeloupe coral. \r\nPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, \r\nVol. 296, Issues 1-2, 1 October 2010, pp. 111-124. \r\nhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.06.019","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.06.019","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.06.019"},"issue":null,"journal":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Rapid 20th century warming in the Caribbean and impact  of remote forcing on climate in the northern tropical  Atlantic as recorded in a Guadeloupe coral","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Hetzinger, S., M. Pfeiffer, W.-C. Dullo, E. Ruprecht, \r\nand D. Garbe-Schönberg. 2006. \r\nSr/Ca and d18O in a fast-growing Diploria strigosa coral: \r\nEvaluation of a new climate archive for the tropical Atlantic. \r\nGeochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q10002, doi:10.1029/2006GC001347. ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2006GC001347","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001347"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2006,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Sr/Ca and d18O in a fast-growing Diploria strigosa coral:  Evaluation of a new climate archive for the tropical Atlantic","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["ENSO","North Atlantic Oscillation"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53026","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["16.2","-61.49"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-61.49","maxElevationMeters":"-2","minElevationMeters":"-2","northernmostLatitude":"16.2","southernmostLatitude":"16.2","westernmostLongitude":"-61.49"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Caribbean Sea>Guadeloupe","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21229","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>chemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/caribbean/guadaloupe2010.xls","linkText":"guadaloupe2010.xls","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Gua1-2010","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1895,"earliestYearBP":55,"earliestYearCE":1895,"mostRecentYear":1999,"mostRecentYearBP":-49,"mostRecentYearCE":1999,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"1002510","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>chemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/caribbean/hetzinger2010-mon_noaa.txt","linkText":"hetzinger2010-mon_noaa.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Pseudodiploria sp.>Pseudodiploria strigosa","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Pseudodiploria sp.>Pseudodiploria strigosa","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"}]}],"dataTableName":"10guad01a","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1895,"earliestYearBP":55,"earliestYearCE":1895,"mostRecentYear":1999,"mostRecentYearBP":-49,"mostRecentYearCE":1999,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"1002511","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/caribbean/hetzinger2010-ann_noaa.txt","linkText":"hetzinger2010-ann_noaa.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Pseudodiploria sp.>Pseudodiploria strigosa","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Pseudodiploria sp.>Pseudodiploria strigosa","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Pseudodiploria sp.>Pseudodiploria strigosa","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Pseudodiploria sp.>Pseudodiploria strigosa","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"}]}],"dataTableName":"10guad01b","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1896,"earliestYearBP":54,"earliestYearCE":1896,"mostRecentYear":1998,"mostRecentYearBP":-48,"mostRecentYearCE":1998,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Isle de Gosier"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Guadeloupe 104 Year Monthly Coral d18O and Sr/Ca Data","studyNotes":"Coral stable isotope (d18O) and Sr/Ca data at monthly and annual \nresolution for the last 104 years from Guadeloupe, Caribbean Sea. \nCore Gua1 was collected from a Diploria strigosa coral specimen \nin April 2000. \n\nNote that for the comparison of coral proxy time series with climate \nindices, we have filled the 3-year gap (October 1978 to October 1981) \nin the coral proxy time series with calculated coral d18O values, \nthat have been generated based on the coral d18O-SST calibration \nequations obtained through linear regression with SST data \n(for detailed calibration equations see Hetzinger et al. (2006); \nTable 2 therein).\n\nSampling location: Guadeloupe, Isle de Gosier \n16.20°N, 61.49°W, water depth 1.7m ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10957"}