{"NOAAStudyId":"13035","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-06-25","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-13035.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":301,"earliestYearCE":1649,"entryId":"noaa-coral-13035","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Gulf Oceanographic Charitable Trust","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Taiwan ROC NSC","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"DeLong, K.L.; Quinn, T.M.; Taylor, F.W.; Lin, K.; Shen, C.-C.","mostRecentYearBP":-49,"mostRecentYearCE":1999,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13035","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A prime focus of research is differentiating the contributions of natural climate variability from those that are anthropogenically forced, especially as it relates to climate prediction. The short length of instrumental records, particularly from the South Pacific, hampers this research, specifically for investigations of decadal to centennial scale variability. Here we present a sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction derived from highly reproducible records of strontium-to-calcium ratios (Sr/Ca) in corals from New Caledonia to investigate natural SST variability in the southwest tropical Pacific from AD 1649-1999. Our results reveal periods of warmer and colder temperatures of the order of decades during the Little Ice Age that do not correspond to long-term variations in solar irradiance or the 11-year sunspot cycle. We suggest that solar variability does not explain decadal to centennial scale SST variability in reconstructions from the southwest tropical Pacific. Our SST reconstruction covaries with the Southern Hemisphere Pacific decadal oscillation and the South Pacific decadal oscillation, from which SST anomalies in the southwest Pacific are linked to precipitation anomalies in the western tropical Pacific. We find that decadal scale SST variability has changed in strength and periodicity after 1893, suggesting a shift in natural variability for this location.","author":{"name":"Kristine L. DeLong, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Ke Lin, Chuan-Chou Shen"},"citation":"Kristine L. DeLong, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Ke Lin, Chuan-Chou Shen. 2012. Sea surface temperature variability in the southwest tropical Pacific since AD 1649. Nature Climate Change, 2, 799-804. doi: 10.1038/nclimate1583","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nclimate1583","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1583"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Climate Change","pages":"799-804","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Sea surface temperature variability in the southwest tropical Pacific since AD 1649","type":"publication","volume":"2"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Little Ice Age (LIA)","Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"1848","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-22.48","166.47"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"166.47","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"-22.48","southernmostLatitude":"-22.48","westernmostLongitude":"166.47"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>South Pacific Ocean>Melanesia>New Caledonia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22489","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>trace metals"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/amedee2012.txt","linkText":"amedee2012.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"anomalized to 1961-1990 AD, smoothed using 7 year running mean\"","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND 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smoothed using 36 month running mean\"","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"anomalized to 1870-2000 AD, detrended over length of record, smoothed using 36 month running mean\"","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"anomalized to 1870-2000 AD, detrended over length of record, smoothed using 36 month running mean\"","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"detrended","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"number of colonies","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lutea","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lutea","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lutea","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lutea","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"24 month filter applied","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites 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spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"24 month filter applied","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lutea","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lutea","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lutea","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lutea","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lutea","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"in situ data logger","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"in situ data logger","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"coral Strontium/Calcium","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"gridded instrumental product","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"gridded instrumental product; corrected for mean and variance","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>trace metals"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/amedee2012.xls","linkText":"amedee2012.xls","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Delong2012","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1649,"earliestYearBP":301,"earliestYearCE":1649,"mostRecentYear":1999,"mostRecentYearBP":-49,"mostRecentYearCE":1999,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Amedee Lighthouse"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Amédée Island, New Caledonia, 350 Year Coral Sr/Ca SST Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Coral Sr/Ca data and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) reconstruction \nfor the past 350 years for New Caledonia, western tropical Pacific. \nCores sampled include: two long cores (92-PAA1 and 92-PAA2) and one \nshorter core (99-PAA) from a single massive Porites lutea colony (PAA), \nand two cores (92-PAC and 92-PAD) from nearby colonies of the same \nspecies, all recovered from colonies offshore of Amédée Island, \nNew Caledonia (Stephans et al., 2004; DeLong et al, 2007; DeLong et al, \n2012a; DeLong et al, 2012b). Previous studies with this suite of coral \ncolonies discuss the location and sampling methods (Quinn et al, 1996; \nQuinn et al, 1998; Stephans et al, 2004; DeLong et al, 2007).\n\nElemental ratio (Sr/Ca) determinations follow the method previously \ndescribed by DeLong et al. (2007). The elemental data were analyzed \non a Perkin Elmer Optima 4300DV ICP-OES following the drift-correction \nmethods of Schrag (1999) at the University of South Florida (USF) \nand University of Texas. For cores 92-PAA1 and 92PAA2, the one-sigma \nanalytical precision of a laboratory internal gravimetric standard \nis ±0.010 mmol per mol (n = 2,445) and of a homogenized powder from \na Porites lutea coral is ±0.018 mmol per mol (n = 3,343), which is an \nadditional estimate of precision. For cores 99-PAA, 92-PAC and 92-PAD, \nthe analytical precision is reported by Stephans et al. 2004 \nand summarized here. Analytical precision (1 sigma) for the Sr/Ca \ndeterminations is 0.2% (0.018 mmol per mol), based on a laboratory \nstandard solution of dissolved Porites lutea. The isotope data were \nanalyzed at the University of South Florida College of Marine Science, \non a Finnigan Delta Plus XL mass spectrometer and attached Kiel \nCarbonate Device with an analytical precision of 0.04 per mil \nfor carbon and 0.08 per mil for oxygen (1 sigma) determined by \nrepeated measurements of NBS 19 relative to VPDB. Stable isotopic \nand Sr/Ca determinations on samples from Cores 99-PAA, 92-PAC \nand 92-PAD were made at USF. Stable isotopic determinations \non samples from core 92-PAA made at the University of Michigan.\n\nDepth series were converted to time series using AnalySeries \nsoftware (Paillard et al., 1996) to match Sr/Ca minima to SST \nmaxima and vice versa. We established our master chronology with \nsclerochronology methods (DeLong et al., 2007; DeLong et al., 2012b) \nconfirmed with 11 high-precision Th-230 dates (DeLong et al., 2012b; \nShen et al., 2008). Coral Sr/Ca variations were compiled into a \nsingle time series by averaging contemporaneous monthly coral \nSr/Ca variations from sampling paths within each colony, and then \nby averaging the coral Sr/Ca variations from the colonies together. \nThe monthly-resolved coral Sr/Ca variations were converted to SST \nwith the transfer equation previously determined for these corals, \nwhich were calibrated to 32-years of in situ SST (IRD-SST) from \nInstitut de Recherche pour le Développement - Etudes Climatiques \nde l’Océan Pacifique tropical (IRD-ECOP) from Amédée Island, \nNew Caledonia (DeLong et al., 2007). This calibration was verified \nwith the 1-degree grid centre on our study site (22.5ºS, 166.5ºE; \nHadISST-AI) extracted from the HadISST1.1 database (Rayner et al., \n2003), which was adjusted to match mean and variance of IRD-SST \n(DeLong et al., 2007). \n\nThe error of the reconstruction was evaluated for varying scales \nfrom a single core to five cores by determining the standard error \nof regression (sR) for the calibration interval (1967-1992). \nThis allows the sR shown by error bars in Fig. 2 of DeLong et al., \n2012 Nature Climate Change to vary with time based on the number \nof cores. Time series smoothed with low pass finite impulse response \n(LPFIR) filter (Bloomfield, 2000). Anomalies determined with respect \nto average monthly values for the given interval. Time were \ndetrended with a second order polynomial fit, see DeLong et al. 2012 \nNature Climate change for equations.\n\nThe columns contain reference to figure numbers from cited \nreferences. The data from problematic paths presented in Figure 7 \nof DeLong et al., 2012 in P3 is given for instructions purposes \nONLY and SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS.  \n\nNote: A portion of this data replaces the data previously \nreported and archived by Stephans et al., 2004.\n\nAmédée Island, New Caledonia:  22°28.5'S, 166°28'E, water depth 3 m.\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11077"}