{"NOAAStudyId":"17289","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-10-10","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-17289.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":-9,"earliestYearCE":1959,"entryId":"noaa-coral-17289","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)","fundingGrant":"Postdoctoral Fellowship"},{"fundingAgency":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","fundingGrant":"Discovery Grant"},{"fundingAgency":"National Science Foundation Ocean Sciences","fundingGrant":"Postdoctoral Fellowship"},{"fundingAgency":"Australian Research Council  ","fundingGrant":"DP1092945"},{"fundingAgency":"Australian Institute of Nuclear  Science and Engineering Research (AINSE)","fundingGrant":"Fellowship Grant"}],"investigators":"Carilli, J.E.; McGregor, H.V.; Gaudry, J.J.; Donner, S.D.; Gagan, M.K.; Stevenson, S.; Wong, H.; Fink, D.","mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17289","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Gagan, M.K., G.B. Dunbar, and A. Suzuki"},"citation":"Gagan, M.K., G.B. Dunbar, and A. Suzuki. 2012. The effect of skeletal mass accumulation in Porites on coral Sr/Ca and d18O paleothermometry. Paleoceanography, 27, PA1203. doi: 10.1029/2011PA002215","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2011PA002215","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011PA002215"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"3","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":"PA1203","title":"The effect of skeletal mass accumulation in Porites on coral Sr/Ca and d18O paleothermometry","type":"publication","volume":"27"},{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Smith, T.M., R.W. Reynolds, T.C. Peterson, and J. Lawrimore. 2008. Improvements to NOAA's historical merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis (1880-2006). J. Climate, 21, 2283-2296. doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI2100.1 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1175/2007JCLI2100.1 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI2100.1 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Climate","pages":null,"pubRank":"4","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Improvements to NOAA's historical merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis (1880-2006)","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Stevenson, S., H.V. McGregor, S.J. Phipps, and B. Fox-Kemper"},"citation":"Stevenson, S., H.V. McGregor, S.J. Phipps, and B. Fox-Kemper. 2013. Quantifying errors in coral-based ENSO estimates: Toward improved forward modeling of d18O. Paleoceanography, 28, 633-649. doi: 10.1002/palo.20059","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/palo.20059","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/palo.20059"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":"633-649","pubRank":"5","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Quantifying errors in coral-based ENSO estimates: Toward improved forward modeling of d18O","type":"publication","volume":"28"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Cahyarini, S.Y., Pfeiffer, M., Timm, O., Dullo, W.C., Schonerg, D.G."},"citation":"Cahyarini, S.Y., Pfeiffer, M., Timm, O., Dullo, W.C., Schonerg, D.G. 2008. Reconstructing seawater d18O from paired coral d18O and Sr/Ca ratios: Methods, error analysis and problems, with examples from Tahiti (French Polynesia) and Timor (Indonesia). \r\n. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 72, 2841-2853. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.005","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.005","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.005"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","pages":"2841-2853","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Reconstructing seawater d18O from paired coral d18O and Sr/Ca ratios: Methods, error analysis and problems, with examples from Tahiti (French Polynesia) and Timor (Indonesia). \r\n","type":"publication","volume":"72"},{"abstract":"Equatorial Pacific ocean-atmosphere interactions affect climate globally, and a key component of the coupled system is the Walker Circulation, which is driven by sea surface temperature (SST) gradients across the equatorial Pacific. There is conflicting evidence as to whether the SST gradient and Walker Circulation have strengthened or weakened over the late 20th century. We present new records of SST and sea surface salinity (SSS) spanning 1959-2010 based on paired measurements of Sr/Ca and d18O in a massive Porites coral from Butaritari atoll in the Gilbert Islands, Republic of Kiribati, in the central-western equatorial Pacific. The records show 2-7 year variability correlated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and corresponding shifts in the extent of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool, and decadal-scale signals related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. In addition, the Butaritari coral records reveal a small but significant increase in SST (0.39°C) from 1959 to 2010 with no accompanying change in SSS, a trend that persists even when ENSO variability is removed. In contrast, larger increases in SST and SSS are evident in coral records from the equatorial Pacific Line Islands, located east of Butaritari.  Taken together, the equatorial Pacific coral records suggest an overall reduction in the east-west SST and SSS gradient over the last several decades, and a recent weakening of the Walker Circulation.","author":{"name":"Carilli, J.E., H.V. McGregor,  J.J. Gaudry, S.D. Donner, M.K. Gagan, S. Stevenson, H. Wong, and D. Fink"},"citation":"Carilli, J.E., H.V. McGregor,  J.J. Gaudry, S.D. Donner, M.K. Gagan, S. Stevenson, H. Wong, and D. Fink. 2014. Equatorial Pacific coral geochemical records show recent weakening of the Walker Circulation. Paleoceanography. . doi: 10.1002/2014PA002683","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2014PA002683","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002683"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Equatorial Pacific coral geochemical records show recent weakening of the Walker Circulation","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["ENSO"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56306","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["3.073056","172.746944"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"172.746944","maxElevationMeters":"-5","minElevationMeters":"-5","northernmostLatitude":"3.073056","southernmostLatitude":"3.073056","westernmostLongitude":"172.746944"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Central Pacific Ocean>Kiribati","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"27519","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/carilli2014/carilli2014-but3.txt","linkText":"BUT3-2 Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"sea surface","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"sea surface","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"sea surface","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"}]}],"dataTableName":"BUT3-2 Geochemistry Ca14","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1959,"earliestYearBP":-9,"earliestYearCE":1959,"mostRecentYear":2010,"mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Butaritari Atoll"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Butaritari Atoll, Kiribati Geochemical Data From 1959-2010","studyNotes":"Errors: d18O Porites sp. = 0.13 per mil; Sr/Ca Porites sp. = 0.045 mmol/mol; seawater delta 18O Porites sp. = 0.175 per mil.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14977"}