{"NOAAStudyId":"1855","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2000-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-1855.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":149,"earliestYearCE":1801,"entryId":"noaa-coral-1855","funding":[],"investigators":"Cole, J.E.; Dunbar, R.B.; McClanahan, T.R.; Muthiga, N.","mostRecentYearBP":-44,"mostRecentYearCE":1994,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1855","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A 194-year annual record of skeletal δ18O from a coral growing at Malindi, Kenya, preserves a history of sea surface temperature (SST) change that is coherent with instrumental and proxy records of tropical Pacific climate variability over interannual to decadal periods. This variability is superimposed on a warming of as much as 1.3°C since the early 1800s. These results suggest that the tropical Pacific imparts substantial decadal climate variability to the western Indian Ocean and, by implication, may force decadal variability in other regions with strong El Niño–Southern Oscillation teleconnections.","author":{"name":"Cole, J.E.; Dunbar, R.B.; McClanahan, T.R.; Muthiga, N"},"citation":"Cole, J.E.; Dunbar, R.B.; McClanahan, T.R.; Muthiga, N. 2000. Tropical Pacific forcing of decadal variability in the western Indian Ocean over the past two centuries. Science, 287(5453). doi: 10.1126/science.287.5453.617","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.287.5453.617","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5453.617"},"issue":"5453","journal":"Science","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2000,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Tropical Pacific forcing of decadal variability in the western Indian Ocean over the past two centuries","type":"publication","volume":"287"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["PAGES Australasia 2k","PAGES 2k Network"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"1859","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-3","40"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"40","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"-3","southernmostLatitude":"-3","westernmostLongitude":"40"}},"locationName":"Continent>Africa>Eastern Africa>Kenya","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"1874","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/cole2000_noaa.txt","linkText":"cole2000_noaa.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lutea","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual>Nov-Oct","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/image/kenyauv-crossdating.jpg","linkText":"kenyauv-crossdating.jpg","urlDescription":"Image","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Malindi Core 001","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1801,"earliestYearBP":149,"earliestYearCE":1801,"mostRecentYear":1994,"mostRecentYearBP":-44,"mostRecentYearCE":1994,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Malindi"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Malindi - del18O Data","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"1102"}