{"NOAAStudyId":"1897","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2004-11-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-1897.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":291,"earliestYearCE":1659,"entryId":"noaa-coral-1897","funding":[],"investigators":"Zinke, J.; Dullo, W.-C.; Heiss, G.A.; Eisenhauer, A.","mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1897","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Ifaty coral record from off SW Madagascar provide a 336-year coral oxygen isotope record that is used to investigate the natural variability of the western Indian Ocean subtropical SST dipole and ENSO. The coral oxygen isotope record primarily reflects past sea-surface temperature (SST) variability on seasonal to multidecadal scales. To validate the SST reconstructions derived from oxygen isotopes, Sr/Ca ratios were obtained for selected time windows (1973–1995, 1863–1910, 1784–1809, 1688–1710). The period 1675–1760 was found to be the coolest period of the entire record with anomalies of 0.3–0.5 °C that includes the Late Maunder Minimum (1675–1710). The warmest periods, as indicated by our data, occur between 1880 and 1900 and the upper part of the Ifaty record (1973–1995). We generated a time series of coral δ18O for different seasons of the year to investigate austral winter and summer SST variability that influences rainfall intensity over southern Africa. Winter coral δ18O is coherent with winter SST on decadal and multidecadal time scales between 1854 and 1995. We suggest that the Ifaty winter time series provides a record of winter SST variability over the Mozambique Channel/Agulhas Current region over 336 years. Strong Indian Ocean subtropical dipole events, occurring during austral summer, are displayed in the Ifaty record. The austral summer coral δ18O is coherent and in phase with ENSO indices on interannual time scales (2–4 years) between 1880–1920, 1930–1940 and after 1970. Our data indicate that the impact of ENSO on SW Indian Ocean SST and atmospheric circulation was also strong between 1680–1720 and 1760–1790, in agreement with other studies. We show evidence that these variations are caused by changes in the regional hydrologic balance. The results demonstrate that the impact of ENSO cycles in the region of the SW Indian Ocean has changed significantly since 1970 and relate to a warming of southwestern Indian Ocean surface waters altering the spatial signature of ENSO.","author":{"name":"Zinke, J.; Dullo, W.C.; Heiss, G.A.; Eisenhauer, A"},"citation":"Zinke, J.; Dullo, W.C.; Heiss, G.A.; Eisenhauer, A. 2004. ENSO and Indian Ocean subtropical dipole variability is recorded in a coral record off southwest Madagascar for the period 1659 to 1995. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 228(-1). doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.028","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.028","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.028"},"issue":"-1","journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2004,"reportNumber":null,"title":"ENSO and Indian Ocean subtropical dipole variability is recorded in a coral record off southwest Madagascar for the period 1659 to 1995","type":"publication","volume":"228"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["PAGES Australasia 2k","PAGES 2k Network"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"1945","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-23.15","43.58"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"43.58","maxElevationMeters":"-1","minElevationMeters":"-1","northernmostLatitude":"-23.15","southernmostLatitude":"-23.15","westernmostLongitude":"43.58"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Madagascar","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"2007","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>trace metals"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/zinke2004_noaa.txt","linkText":"zinke2004_noaa.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lobata","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lobata","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lobata","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"}]}],"dataTableName":"Ifaty Reef Core 001","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1659,"earliestYearBP":291,"earliestYearCE":1659,"mostRecentYear":1995,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Ifaty Reef"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Ifaty Reef - Stable Isotope and Sr/Ca Data","studyNotes":"","version":"1.0","xmlId":"1145"}