{"NOAAStudyId":"1903","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2004-03-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-1903.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":168,"earliestYearCE":1782,"entryId":"noaa-coral-1903","funding":[],"investigators":"Charles, C.D.; Cobb, K.M.; Moore, M.D.; Fairbanks, R.G.","mostRecentYearBP":-40,"mostRecentYearCE":1990,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1903","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The 20th century evolution of basin-wide gradients in surface ocean properties provides one essential test for recent models of the interaction between the Asian monsoon and the tropical ocean, because various feedback mechanisms should result in characteristic regional patterns of variability. Although the instrumental record of climate variability in the tropics is essentially limited to the last few decades, the stable isotopic composition of living corals provides an effective means for extending the instrumental observations. Here we present two coral isotopic records from the Indonesian Maritime Continent, and we use these records with other previously published records to describe: (i) the relationship between western Pacific and central Pacific climate variability over the past century, with special emphasis on the biennial band; and (ii) the strength of the west-east 'Indian Ocean Dipole'. We find that the amplitude of the biennial cycle in the Pacific did not vary inversely with the strength of ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation), as might be expected from some models of monsoonal feedback on the central Pacific. Instead, the biennial variability was modulated on decadal timescales throughout much of the Pacific. We also show that the zonal oxygen isotopic gradient in the Indian Ocean coral records was significantly correlated with central Pacific sea surface temperature on a variety of timescales. Thus, it is likely that this 'coral dipole' was a product of strong ENSO-like teleconnections over the Indian Ocean, as opposed to being the result of unique Indian Ocean or monsoonal dynamics.","author":{"name":"Charles, C.D.; Cobb, K.M.; Moore, M.D.; Fairbanks, R.G"},"citation":"Charles, C.D.; Cobb, K.M.; Moore, M.D.; Fairbanks, R.G. 2003. Monsoon-tropical ocean interaction in a network of coral records spanning the 20th century. Marine Geology, 201. doi: 10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00217-2","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00217-2","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00217-2"},"issue":null,"journal":"Marine Geology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2003,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Monsoon-tropical ocean interaction in a network of coral records spanning the 20th century","type":"publication","volume":"201"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["PAGES Australasia 2k","PAGES 2k Network"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"1952","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["1.5","124.83"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"124.83","maxElevationMeters":"-3","minElevationMeters":"-3","northernmostLatitude":"1.5","southernmostLatitude":"1.5","westernmostLongitude":"124.83"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Indonesia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"1002474","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/charles2003-bun_noaa.txt","linkText":"Bunaken Island Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"seasonal average","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomaly from seasonal average","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"03indo02a","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1860,"earliestYearBP":90,"earliestYearCE":1860,"mostRecentYear":1990,"mostRecentYearBP":-40,"mostRecentYearCE":1990,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Bunaken Island"},{"NOAASiteId":"1953","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-8.25","115.5"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"115.5","maxElevationMeters":"-3","minElevationMeters":"-3","northernmostLatitude":"-8.25","southernmostLatitude":"-8.25","westernmostLongitude":"115.5"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Indonesia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"1002473","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/charles2003-lom_noaa.txt","linkText":"Lombok Strait Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"seasonal average","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomaly from seasonal average","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass 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