{"NOAAStudyId":"20125","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-05-05","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-20125.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":-46,"earliestYearCE":1996,"entryId":"noaa-coral-20125","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"GRFP, OCE-0926986, OCE-1031971"}],"investigators":"Alpert, A.E.; Cohen, A.L.; Oppo, D.W.; DeCarlo, T.M.; Gove, J.M.; Young, C.W.","mostRecentYearBP":-62,"mostRecentYearCE":2012,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20125","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Coral Sr/Ca is widely used to reconstruct past ocean temperatures. However, some studies report different Sr/Ca-temperature relationships for conspecifics on the same reef, with profound implications for interpretation of reconstructed temperatures. We assess whether these differences are attributable to small-scale oceanographic variability or \"vital effects\" associated with coral calcification, and quantify the effect of inter-colony differences on temperature estimates and uncertainties. Sr/Ca records from four massive Porites colonies growing on the east and west sides of Jarvis Island, central equatorial Pacific, were compared with in situ logger temperatures spanning 2002-2012. In general, Sr/Ca captured the occurrence of inter-annual SST events but their amplitude was not consistently recorded by any of the corals. No long-term trend was identified in the instrumental data yet Sr/Ca of one coral implied a statistically significant cooling trend while that of its neighbor implied a warming trend. Slopes of Sr/Ca- temperature regressions from the four different colonies were within error, but offsets in mean Sr/Ca rendered the regressions statistically distinct. Assuming these relationships represent the full range of Sr/Ca-temperature calibrations in Jarvis Porites, we assessed how well Sr/Ca of a non-living coral with an unknown Sr/Ca-temperature relationship can constrain past temperatures. Our results indicate that standard error of prediction methods underestimate the actual error as we could not reliably reconstruct the amplitude or frequency of ENSO events as large as ±2°C. Our results underscore the importance of characterizing the full range of temperature-Sr/Ca relationships at each study site to estimate true error.","author":{"name":"Alice E. Alpert, Anne L. Cohen, Delia W. Oppo, Thomas M. DeCarlo, Jamison M. Gove, and Charles W. Young"},"citation":"Alice E. Alpert, Anne L. Cohen, Delia W. Oppo, Thomas M. DeCarlo, Jamison M. Gove, and Charles W. Young. 2016. Comparison of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature variability and trends with Sr/Ca records from multiple corals. Paleoceanography, 31(2), 252-265. doi: 10.1002/2015PA002897","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2015PA002897","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002897"},"issue":"2","journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":"252-265","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Comparison of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature variability and trends with Sr/Ca records from multiple corals","type":"publication","volume":"31"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56795","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-.3691","-160.0082"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-160.0082","maxElevationMeters":"-13","minElevationMeters":"-13","northernmostLatitude":"-0.3691","southernmostLatitude":"-0.3691","westernmostLongitude":"-160.0082"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Central Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30788","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/central_pacific/alpert2016/alpert2016-w037.txt","linkText":"W037 Sr/Ca Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"from temperature logger","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"W037 SrCa Alpert16","dataTableNotes":"Core W037 is the combination of cores W037 and W497, which were drilled from the same colony. The period of 1996–2010.3 derives from core W037 and 2010.3-2012.2 derives from core W497.","earliestYear":1996,"earliestYearBP":-46,"earliestYearCE":1996,"mostRecentYear":2012,"mostRecentYearBP":-62,"mostRecentYearCE":2012,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"W037 Jarvis Island"},{"NOAASiteId":"56796","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-.3696","-160.0083"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-160.0083","maxElevationMeters":"-8","minElevationMeters":"-8","northernmostLatitude":"-0.3696","southernmostLatitude":"-0.3696","westernmostLongitude":"-160.0083"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Central Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30789","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/central_pacific/alpert2016/alpert2016-w490.txt","linkText":"W490 Sr/Ca Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass 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Island"},{"NOAASiteId":"56797","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-.3739","-159.9834"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-159.9834","maxElevationMeters":"-5","minElevationMeters":"-5","northernmostLatitude":"-0.3739","southernmostLatitude":"-0.3739","westernmostLongitude":"-159.9834"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Central Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30790","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/central_pacific/alpert2016/alpert2016-e016.txt","linkText":"E016 Sr/Ca Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age 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logger","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"E016 SrCa Alpert16","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1997,"earliestYearBP":-47,"earliestYearCE":1997,"mostRecentYear":2012,"mostRecentYearBP":-62,"mostRecentYearCE":2012,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"E016 Jarvis Island"},{"NOAASiteId":"56798","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-.3715","-159.9823"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-159.9823","maxElevationMeters":"-5","minElevationMeters":"-5","northernmostLatitude":"-0.3715","southernmostLatitude":"-0.3715","westernmostLongitude":"-159.9823"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Central Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30791","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/central_pacific/alpert2016/alpert2016-e500.txt","linkText":"E500 Sr/Ca Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound 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