{"NOAAStudyId":"20346","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-07-18","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-20346.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":11,"earliestYearCE":1939,"entryId":"noaa-coral-20346","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":"NA14NMF4270056"}],"investigators":"Andrews, A.H.; Asami, R.; Iryu, Y.; Kobayashi, D.R.; Camacho, F.","mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20346","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"High-resolution radiocarbon (14C) analyses on a coral core extracted from Guam, a western tropical Pacific island, revealed a series of early bomb-produced 14C spikes.  The typical marine bomb 14C signal-phase lagged and attenuated relative to atmospheric records-is present in the coral and is consistent with other regional coral records.  However, 14C levels well above what can be attributed to air-sea diffusion alone punctuate this pattern.  This anomaly was observed in other Indo-Pacific coral records, but the Guam record is unmatched in magnitude and temporal resolution.  The Guam coral D14C record provided three spikes in 1954-55, 1956-57, and 1958-59 that are superimposed on a normal 14C record.  Relative to mean pre-bomb levels, the first peak rises an incredible ~700permil and remained elevated for ~1.2 years.  A follow up assay with finer resolution increased the peak by ~300permil.  Subsequent spikes were less intense with a rise of ~35permil and ~70permil.  Each can be linked to thermonuclear testing in the Pacific Proving Grounds at Bikini and Enewetak atolls in Operations Castle (1954), Redwing (1956), and Hardtack I (1958).  These 14C signals can be explained by vaporization of coral reef material in the nuclear fireball, coupled with neutron activation of atmospheric nitrogen (14C production), and subsequent absorption of 14CO2 to form particulate carbonates of close-in fallout.  The lag time in reaching Guam and other coral records abroad was tied to ocean surface currents and modeling provided validation of 14C arrival observations. ","author":{"name":"Andrews, A.H., R. Asami, Y. Iryu, D.R. Kobayashi, and F. Camacho"},"citation":"Andrews, A.H., R. Asami, Y. Iryu, D.R. Kobayashi, and F. Camacho. 2016. Bomb-produced radiocarbon in the western tropical Pacific Ocean-Guam coral reveals operation-specific signals from the Pacific Proving Grounds. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 121. doi: 10.1002/2016JC012043","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2016JC012043","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012043"},"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Bomb-produced radiocarbon in the western tropical Pacific Ocean-Guam coral reveals operation-specific signals from the Pacific Proving Grounds","type":"publication","volume":"121"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"1946","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["13.598183","144.83588"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"144.83588","maxElevationMeters":"-5","minElevationMeters":"-5","northernmostLatitude":"13.598183","southernmostLatitude":"13.598183","westernmostLongitude":"144.83588"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Central Pacific Ocean>Guam","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31029","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/guam2016d14c.txt","linkText":"Double Reef, Guam Coral D14C and d13C Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lobata","cvMethod":"accelerator mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"fraction of modern activity","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lobata","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"t-corrected","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lobata","cvMethod":"accelerator mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil NBS oxalic acid","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lobata","cvMethod":"accelerator mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil NBS oxalic acid","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"}]}],"dataTableName":"GD2D14C","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1939,"earliestYearBP":11,"earliestYearCE":1939,"mostRecentYear":2000,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"31030","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon 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spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"fraction of modern activity","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lobata","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"t-corrected","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lobata","cvMethod":"accelerator mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil NBS oxalic acid","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lobata","cvMethod":"accelerator mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil NBS oxalic acid","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"}]}],"dataTableName":"GD2D14Chighres","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1954,"earliestYearBP":-4,"earliestYearCE":1954,"mostRecentYear":1959,"mostRecentYearBP":-9,"mostRecentYearCE":1959,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"31031","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/guam2016d14cdup.txt","linkText":"Double Reef, Guam Coral Repliocate D14C Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"difference between A and B samples","cvDataType":"CORALS AND 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SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lobata","cvMethod":"accelerator mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil NBS oxalic acid","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lobata","cvMethod":"accelerator mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil NBS oxalic acid","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"B sample t-corrected","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lobata","cvMethod":"accelerator mass 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Data are subsampled from original core from Asami et al. (2004, 2005)","version":"1.0","xmlId":"18121"}