{"NOAAStudyId":"21192","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-01-12","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-21192.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":11,"earliestYearCE":1939,"entryId":"noaa-coral-21192","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"National Marine Fisheries Service","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Andrews, A.H.; Siciliano, D.; Potts, D.C.; DeMartini, E.E.; Covarrubias, S.","mostRecentYearBP":-52,"mostRecentYearCE":2002,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21192","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Corals of the Hawaiian Archipelago are well situated in the North Pacific Gyre (NPG) to record how bomb-produced radiocarbon (14C) has been sequestered and transported by the sea. While this signal can be traced accurately through time in reef-building corals and used to infer oceanographic processes and determine the ages of marine organisms, a comprehensive and validated record has been lacking for the Hawaiian Archipelago.  In this study, a coral core from Kure Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands was used to create a high-resolution bomb 14C record for the years 1939–2002, and was then used with other 14C measurements in fish otoliths and seawater to explore differences and similarities in the bomb 14C signal throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. The Kure Atoll sample series produced a well-defined bomb 14C curve that, with some exceptions, was similar to other coral 14C records from the Hawaiian Archipelago.  Subtle differences in the coral 14C records across the region may be explained by the large-scale ocean circulation patterns and decadal cycles of the NPG. The most rapid increase of 14C, in the 1950s and 1960s, showed similar timing across the Hawaiian Archipelago and provides a robust basis for use of bomb 14C dating to obtain high precision age determinations of marine organisms. Reference otoliths of juvenile fish demonstrated the use of the post-peak 14C decline period as a viable reference in the age validation of younger and more recently collected fishes, and effectively extended the utility of bomb 14C dating to the latest 30 years.","author":{"name":"Andrews, A.H., D. Siciliano, D.C. Potts, E.E. DeMartini, and S. Covarrubias"},"citation":"Andrews, A.H., D. Siciliano, D.C. Potts, E.E. DeMartini, and S. Covarrubias. 2016. Bomb radiocarbon and the Hawaiian Archipelago: Coral, otoliths and seawater. Radiocarbon, 58(3), 531-548. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2016.32","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1017/RDC.2016.32","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2016.32"},"issue":"3","journal":"Radiocarbon","pages":"531-548","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Bomb radiocarbon and the Hawaiian Archipelago: Coral, otoliths and seawater","type":"publication","volume":"58"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57026","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["28.3928","-178.3258"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-178.3258","maxElevationMeters":"-3","minElevationMeters":"-3","northernmostLatitude":"28.3928","southernmostLatitude":"28.3928","westernmostLongitude":"-178.3258"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Central Pacific Ocean>Hawaiian Islands","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31944","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>chemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/central_pacific/andrews2016-rc/andrews2016-rc-kure.txt","linkText":"Kure Atoll 14C Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites evermanni","cvMethod":"accelerator mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"fraction of modern activity","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"t-corrected","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites evermanni","cvMethod":"accelerator mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil NBS oxalic acid","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"t-corrected","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites evermanni","cvMethod":"accelerator mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil NBS oxalic acid","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"}]}],"dataTableName":"Kure 14C Andrews16","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1939,"earliestYearBP":11,"earliestYearCE":1939,"mostRecentYear":2002,"mostRecentYearBP":-52,"mostRecentYearCE":2002,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Kure Atoll"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Kure Atoll, Hawaiian Archipelago Radiocarbon Data from 1939-2002 AD","studyNotes":"Carbon isotope (D14C) data for years 1939-2002 from a Porites evermanni coral core collected from the backreef of Kure Atoll at depths from 2-4 m.\n      Provided Keywords: carbon-14, snapper, grouper, age validation, North Pacific Gyre, oceanography","version":"1.0","xmlId":"19191"}