{"NOAAStudyId":"21911","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-08-14","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-21911.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":62,"earliestYearCE":1888,"entryId":"noaa-coral-21911","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE-1420984"}],"investigators":"Frenkel, M.; LaVigne, M.; Miller, H.R.; Hill, T.M.; McNichol, A.; Lardie Gaylord, M.","mostRecentYearBP":-58,"mostRecentYearCE":2008,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21911","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Bamboo corals, long-lived cold water gorgonin octocorals, offer unique paleoceanographic archives of the intermediate ocean. These Isididae corals are characterized by alternating gorgonin nodes and high Mg-calcite internodes, which synchronously extend radially. Bamboo coral calcite internodes have been utilized to obtain geochemical proxy data, however, growth rate uncertainty has made it difficult to construct precise chronologies for these corals. Previous studies have relied upon a single tie point from records of the anthropogenic ?14C bomb spike preserved in the gorgonin nodes of live-collected corals to calculate a mean radial extension rate for the outer ~50 years of skeletal growth. Bamboo coral chronologies are typically constructed by applying this mean extension rate to the entire coral record, assuming constant radial extension with coral age. In this study, we aim to test this underlying assumption by analyzing the organic nodes of six California margin bamboo corals at high enough resolution (< 0.5 mm) to identify the ?14C bomb spike, including two tie points at 1957 and 1970, plus the coral collection date (2007.5) for four samples. Radial extension rates between tie points ranged from 10 to 204 ֭/year, with a decrease in growth rate evident between the 1957ֱ970 and 1970ֲ007.5 periods for all four corals. A negative correlation between growth rate and coral radius (r =-0.7; p=0.04) was determined for multiple bamboo coral taxa and individuals from the California margin, demonstrating a decline in radial extension rate with specimen age and size. To provide a mechanistic basis for these observations, a simple mathematical model was developed based on the assumption of a constant increase in circular cross sectional area with time to quantify this decline in radial extension rate with coral size between chronological tie points. Applying the area-based model to our ?14C bomb spike time series from individual corals improves chronology accuracy for all live-collected corals with complete ?14C bomb spikes. Hence, this study provides paleoceanographers utilizing bamboo corals with a method for reducing age model uncertainty within the anthropogenic bomb spike era (~1957-present). Chronological uncertainty is larger for the earliest portion of coral growth, particularly for skeleton precipitated prior to bomb spike tie points, meaning age estimations for samples living before 1957 remain uncertain. Combining this technique with additional chronological markers could improve age models for an entire bamboo coral. Finally, the relative consistency in growth rate in similarly-aged corals of the same depth and location supports the hypothesis that skeletal growth may be limited by local environmental conditions.","author":{"name":"Frenkel, M.M., M. LaVigne, H.R. Miller, T.M. Hill, A. McNichol, and M. Lardie Gaylord"},"citation":"Frenkel, M.M., M. LaVigne, H.R. Miller, T.M. Hill, A. McNichol, and M. Lardie Gaylord. 2017. Quantifying bamboo coral growth rate nonlinearity with the radiocarbon bomb spike: A new model for paleoceanographic chronology development. Deep Sea Research Part I, 125, 26-39. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2017.04.006","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.dsr.2017.04.006","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2017.04.006"},"issue":null,"journal":"Deep Sea Research Part I","pages":"26-39","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Quantifying bamboo coral growth rate nonlinearity with the radiocarbon bomb spike: A new model for paleoceanographic chronology development","type":"publication","volume":"125"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57394","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["37.3728","-123.403317"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-123.403317","maxElevationMeters":"-1005","minElevationMeters":"-1005","northernmostLatitude":"37.3728","southernmostLatitude":"37.3728","westernmostLongitude":"-123.403317"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>California","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33618","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/frenkel2017/frenkel2017-a7.txt","linkText":"T1101 A7 D14C data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ID numbers assigned to individual corals used in this study (as in Table 1 in Frenkel et al. 2017)","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Sample location in coral measured as radial distance from coral core (mm): based on midpoint of peel","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Isidella sp.","cvMethod":"accelerator mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil NBS oxalic acid","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Internal statistical error (E) was calculated using the total number (n) of 14C counts measured for each target (E=1/ n) and external error was calculated from the reproducibility of 10 separate sample 14C/12C measurements obtained over the course of a run. 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