{"NOAAStudyId":"23390","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2018-02-12","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-23390.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":142,"earliestYearCE":1808,"entryId":"noaa-coral-23390","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Dutch Organization for Scientific  Research (NWO)","fundingGrant":"SCANALOGUE (ALWOP.2015.113), SCAN2 (834.11.003)"},{"fundingAgency":"Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW)","fundingGrant":"NESSC"},{"fundingAgency":"Australian Research Council  ","fundingGrant":"DE130101336"}],"investigators":"Hennekam, R.; Zinke, J.","mostRecentYearBP":-59,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23390","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The only low latitude pathway of heat and salt from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean, known as Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), has been suggested to modulate Global Mean Surface Temperature (GMST) warming through redistribution of surface Pacific Ocean heat. ITF observations are only available since ~1990s, and thus, its multidecadal variability on longer time scales has remained elusive. Here we present a 200 year bimonthly record of geochemical parameters (d18O-Sr/Ca) measured on Cocos (Keeling) corals tracking sea surface temperature (SST; Sr/Ca) and sea surface salinity (SSS; seawater-d18O-d18Osw) in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO). Our results show that SETIO SSS and d18Osw were impacted by ITF transport over the past 60 years, and therefore, reconstructions of Cocos d18Osw hold information on past ITF variability on longer time spans. Over the past 200 years ITF leakage into SETIO is dominated by the interannual climate modes of the Pacific Ocean (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) and Indian Ocean (Indian Ocean Dipole). Pacific decadal climate variability (represented by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation) significantly impacted ITF strength over the past 200 years determining the spatiotemporal SST and SSS advection into the Indian Ocean on multidecadal time scales. A comparison of our SETIO d18Osw record to GMST shows that ITF transport varied in synchrony with global warming rate, being predominantly high/low during GMST warming slowdown/acceleration, respectively. This hints toward an important role for the ITF in global warming rate modulation.","author":{"name":"Hennekam, R., Zinke, J., van Sebille, E., ten Have, M., Brummer, G.-J.A., and Reichart, G.-J."},"citation":"Hennekam, R., Zinke, J., van Sebille, E., ten Have, M., Brummer, G.-J.A., and Reichart, G.-J. 2018. Cocos (Keeling) corals reveal 200 years of multi-decadal modulation of southeast Indian Ocean hydrology by Indonesian Throughflow. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 33. doi: 10.1002/2017PA003181","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2017PA003181","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003181"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2018,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Cocos (Keeling) corals reveal 200 years of multi-decadal modulation of southeast Indian Ocean hydrology by Indonesian Throughflow","type":"publication","volume":"33"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Other Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57594","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-12.09503","96.8805"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"96.8805","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"-12.09503","southernmostLatitude":"-12.09503","westernmostLongitude":"96.8805"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Cocos Islands","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"35174","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/hennekam2018/hennekam2018-d3-d18o.txt","linkText":"Darwin (D3) d18O Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"~bimonthly; KIEL and IR-MS","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Darwin-D3 d18O Hennekam2018","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1987,"earliestYearBP":-37,"earliestYearCE":1987,"mostRecentYear":2009,"mostRecentYearBP":-59,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"35176","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>trace metals"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/hennekam2018/hennekam2018-d3-srca.txt","linkText":"Darwin (D3) Sr/Ca Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"}]}],"dataTableName":"Darwin-D3 Sr/Ca Hennekam2018","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1987,"earliestYearBP":-37,"earliestYearCE":1987,"mostRecentYear":2009,"mostRecentYearBP":-59,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Darwin D3, Cocos (Keeling) Islands"},{"NOAASiteId":"57595","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-12.08747","96.87522"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"96.87522","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"-12.08747","southernmostLatitude":"-12.08747","westernmostLongitude":"96.87522"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Cocos Islands","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"35173","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/hennekam2018/hennekam2018-dl-d18o.txt","linkText":"Darwin Long (DL) d18O Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"~bimonthly; KIEL and IR-MS","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Darwin Long d18O Hennekam2018","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1808,"earliestYearBP":142,"earliestYearCE":1808,"mostRecentYear":2009,"mostRecentYearBP":-59,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"35175","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>trace metals"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/hennekam2018/hennekam2018-dl-srca.txt","linkText":"Darwin Long (DL) Sr/Ca Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"~bimonthly","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"}]}],"dataTableName":"Darwin Long Sr/Ca Hennekam2018","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1808,"earliestYearBP":142,"earliestYearCE":1808,"mostRecentYear":2009,"mostRecentYearBP":-59,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Darwin Long DL, Cocos (Keeling) Islands"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Cocos (Keeling) Islands Coral Sr/Ca and Oxygen Isotope Data over the Last 200 Years","studyNotes":"Chronology based on seasonal cycles in trace elements (Sr/Ca). Updated data tables from investigators added on 7-JUN-2019. Bimonthly data submitted to replace monthly interpolation data on 17-JUN-2019.\r\nProvided Keywords: corals, Sr/Ca, SST, Indonesian Throughflow, Cocos (Keeling)","version":"1.0","xmlId":"21554"}