{"NOAAStudyId":"27010","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2019-06-09","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-27010.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":199,"earliestYearCE":1751,"entryId":"noaa-coral-27010","funding":[],"investigators":"Felis, T.; Mudelsee, M.","mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/27010","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Red Sea is a deep marine basin often considered as small-scale version of the global ocean. Hydrographic observations and ocean-atmosphere modeling indicate Red Sea deep water was episodically renewed by wintertime open-ocean deep convections during 1982-2001, suggesting a renewal time on the order of a decade. However, the long-term pacing of Red Sea deep water renewals is largely uncertain. We use an annually resolved coral oxygen isotope record of winter surface water conditions to show that the late twentieth century deep water renewals were probably unusual in the context of the preceding ~100 years. More frequent major events are detected during the late Little Ice Age, particularly during the early nineteenth century characterized by large tropical volcanic eruptions. We conclude that Red Sea deep water renewal time is on the order of a decade up to a century, depending on the mean climatic conditions and large-scale interannual climate forcing.","author":{"name":"Thomas Felis and Manfred Mudelsee"},"citation":"Thomas Felis and Manfred Mudelsee. 2019. Pacing of Red Sea Deep Water Renewal During the Last Centuries. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(8), 4413-4420. doi: 10.1029/2019GL082756","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2019GL082756","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082756"},"issue":"8","journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":"4413-4420","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2019,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Pacing of Red Sea Deep Water Renewal During the Last Centuries","type":"publication","volume":"46"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"1864","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["27.848333","34.31"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"34.31","maxElevationMeters":"-6","minElevationMeters":"-6","northernmostLatitude":"27.848333","southernmostLatitude":"27.848333","westernmostLongitude":"34.31"}},"locationName":"Continent>Africa>Northern Africa>Egypt","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"39373","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/red_sea/ras-umm-sidd2019d18o.txt","linkText":"Ras Umm Sidd Winter d18O Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"mid-February of any given year","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":"Age_CE","cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":"d18O","cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"RasUmmSidd2019d18O","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1751,"earliestYearBP":199,"earliestYearCE":1751,"mostRecentYear":1995,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Ras Umm Sidd"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Ras Umm Sidd, Egypt 245 Year Winter Coral Oxygen Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Winter (mid February) coral oxygen isotope (d18O) data from Ras Umm Sidd, Egypt, during the past 245 years","version":"1.0","xmlId":"66695"}