{"NOAAStudyId":"6089","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2008-03-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-6089.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":224,"earliestYearCE":1726,"entryId":"noaa-coral-6089","funding":[],"investigators":"Linsley, B.K.; Kaplan, A.; Gouriou, Y.; Salinger, J.; deMenocal, P.B.; Wellington, G.M.; Howe, S.S.","mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6089","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Linsley, B.K., G.M. Wellington, D.P. Schrag, L. Ren, M.J. Salinger, and A.W. Tudhope"},"citation":"Linsley, B.K., G.M. Wellington, D.P. Schrag, L. Ren, M.J. Salinger, and A.W. Tudhope. 2004. Coral evidence for changes in the amplitude and spatial pattern of South Pacific interdecadal climate variability over the last 300 years. Climate Dynamics, 22, 1-11. doi: 10.1007/s00382-003-0364-y","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s00382-003-0364-y","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-003-0364-y"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate Dynamics","pages":"1-11","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2004,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Coral evidence for changes in the amplitude and spatial pattern of South Pacific interdecadal climate variability over the last 300 years","type":"publication","volume":"22"},{"abstract":"The South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) is the largest and most persistent spur of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. At the southeastern edge of the SPCZ near 170W and 15 20S a surface ocean salinity frontal zone exists that separates fresher Western Pacific Warm Pool water from saltier and cooler waters in the east. This salinity front is known to shift east and west with the phase of the El NinËœo Southern Oscillation. We have generated subannually resolved and replicated coral oxygen isotopic time series from Fiji (17S, 179E) and Rarotonga (21.5S, 160W) that have recorded interannual displacements of the salinity front over the last 380 years and also indicate that at lower frequencies the decadal mean position of the salinity front, and eastern extent of the SPCZ, has shifted east-west through 10 to 20 of longitude three times during this interval. The most recent and largest shift began in the mid 1800s as the salinity front progressively moved eastward and salinity decreased at both sites. Our results suggest that sea surface salinity at these sites is now at the lowest levels recorded and is evidence for an unprecedented expansion of the SPCZ since the mid 1800s. The expansion of the SPCZ implies a gradual change in the South Pacific to more La Nina-like long-term mean conditions. This observation is consistent with the ocean thermostat mechanism for the Pacific coupled ocean-atmosphere system, whereby exogenous heating of the atmosphere would result in greater warming in the western Pacific and a greater east-west surface temperature gradient.\r\n","author":{"name":"Linsley, B.K., A. Kaplan, Y. Gouriou, J. Salinger, P.B. deMenocal, G.M. Wellington, and S.S. Howe"},"citation":"Linsley, B.K., A. Kaplan, Y. Gouriou, J. Salinger, P.B. deMenocal, G.M. Wellington, and S.S. Howe. 2006. Tracking the extent of the South Pacific Convergence Zone since the early 1600s. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 7, Q05003. doi: 10.1029/2005GC001115","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2005GC001115","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001115"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2006,"reportNumber":"Q05003","title":"Tracking the extent of the South Pacific Convergence Zone since the early 1600s","type":"publication","volume":"7"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Ren, L.; Linsley, B. K.; Wellington, G. M.; Schrag, D. P.; Hoegh-Guldberg, O"},"citation":"Ren, L.; Linsley, B. K.; Wellington, G. M.; Schrag, D. P.; Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 2003. Deconvolving the d18Oseawater Component from Subseasonal Coral d18O and Sr/Ca at Rarotonga in the Southwestern Subtropical Pacific for the period 1726-1997. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67. ","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","pages":null,"pubRank":"3","pubYear":2003,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Deconvolving the d18Oseawater Component from Subseasonal Coral d18O and Sr/Ca at Rarotonga in the Southwestern Subtropical Pacific for the period 1726-1997","type":"publication","volume":"67"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["PAGES 2k Network","PAGES Australasia 2k"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"1862","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-21.23","-159.82"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-159.82","maxElevationMeters":"-18","minElevationMeters":"-18","northernmostLatitude":"-21.23","southernmostLatitude":"-21.23","westernmostLongitude":"-159.82"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>South Pacific Ocean>Polynesia>Cook Islands","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"1002493","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>trace metals"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/linsley2006-2r-d18o_noaa.txt","linkText":"linsley2006-2r-d18o_noaa.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lutea","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.>Porites lutea","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]}],"dataTableName":"06cook01a","dataTableNotes":"Core name - 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