{"NOAAStudyId":"8608","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2009-06-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-8608.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":78,"earliestYearCE":1872,"entryId":"noaa-coral-8608","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Japan Ministry of the Environment","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Felis, T.; Suzuki, A.; Kuhnert, H.; Dima, M.; Lohmann, G.; Kawahata, H.","mostRecentYearBP":-44,"mostRecentYearCE":1994,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8608","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Instrumental climate observations provide robust records of global land \r\nand ocean temperatures during the twentieth century. Unlike for temperature, \r\ncontinuous salinity observations in the surface ocean are scarce prior to \r\n1970, and the magnitude of salinity changes during the twentieth century \r\nis largely unknown. Surface ocean salinity is a major component in climate \r\ndynamics, as it influences ocean circulation and water mass formation. \r\nHere we present an annually resolved reconstruction of salinity variations \r\nin the surface waters of the western subtropical North Pacific Ocean since\r\n1873, based on bimonthly records of d18O, Sr/Ca, and U/Ca in a coral from \r\nthe Ogasawara Islands. The reconstruction indicates that an abrupt regime \r\nshift toward fresher surface ocean conditions occurred between 1905 and \r\n1910. Observational atmospheric data suggest that the abrupt freshening \r\nwas associated with a weakening of the winds that drive the Kuroshio \r\nCurrent system and the associated subtropical gyre circulation. We note \r\nthat the abrupt early-twentieth-century freshening in the western \r\nsubtropical North Pacific precedes abrupt climate change in the northern \r\nNorth Atlantic by a few years. The potential for abrupt regime shifts \r\nin surface ocean salinity should be considered in climate predictions \r\nfor the coming decades.\r\n\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Felis, T., A. Suzuki, H. Kuhnert, M. Dima, G. Lohmann, and H. Kawahata. 2009. \r\nSubtropical coral reveals abrupt early-twentieth-century freshening \r\nin the western North Pacific Ocean. \r\nGeology, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 527-530, June 2009. doi:10.1130/G25581A.1  ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1130/G25581A.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G25581A.1"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Subtropical coral reveals abrupt early-twentieth-century freshening  in the western North Pacific Ocean","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22894","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["27.1","142.2"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"142.2","maxElevationMeters":"-6","minElevationMeters":"-6","northernmostLatitude":"27.1","southernmostLatitude":"27.1","westernmostLongitude":"142.2"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Eastern Asia>Japan","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"12444","coreLengthMeters":2,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>trace metals","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/ogasawara2009.xls","linkText":"ogasawara2009.xls","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"OGA-02-1","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1873,"earliestYearBP":77,"earliestYearCE":1873,"mostRecentYear":1994,"mostRecentYearBP":-44,"mostRecentYearCE":1994,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"1002504","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>trace metals","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/felis2009-mon_noaa.txt","linkText":"Monthly Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micromole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>uranium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"}]}],"dataTableName":"09japa01a","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1872,"earliestYearBP":78,"earliestYearCE":1872,"mostRecentYear":1994,"mostRecentYearBP":-44,"mostRecentYearCE":1994,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"1002505","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>trace metals","earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/felis2009-ann_noaa.txt","linkText":"felis2009-ann_noaa.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1975-1994 A.D.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1975-1994 A.D.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1975-1994 A.D.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micromole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>uranium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter per year","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>extension rate"}]}],"dataTableName":"09japa01b","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1873,"earliestYearBP":77,"earliestYearCE":1873,"mostRecentYear":1994,"mostRecentYearBP":-44,"mostRecentYearCE":1994,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Miyanohama (Chichijima) Reef"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Ogasawara Coral Data and Salinity Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Two annually resolved reconstructions of d18O seawater (salinity) \r\nvariations in the surface waters of the western subtropical North \r\nPacific Ocean were generated by combining the annual average coral \r\nd18O record with the Sr/Ca and U/Ca records, respectively.   \r\nCore OGA-02-1 was drilled vertically through a living Porites \r\ncoral at Miyanohama on the north coast of Chichijima in the \r\nOgasawara Islands (Japan), located in the southwestward return flow \r\nof the Kuroshio recirculation system. The massive colony, growing \r\nat 5.6 m water depth on the island's northern side (27° 6.355’ N, \r\n142° 11.645’ E), is directly exposed to open-ocean conditions. \r\nThe core is without gap over its total length of 1.74 m. \r\nIndividual segments fit seamlessly. The bimonthly resolved records \r\nof d18O, Sr/Ca, and U/Ca generated from the coral skeleton show \r\nclear annual cycles that can be counted back to the year 1873. \r\nThis age model is corroborated by the skeletal pattern of annual \r\ndensity-band pairs as revealed by X-radiographs.  \r\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"2584"}