{"NOAAStudyId":"9813","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-11-15","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-9813.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":7550,"earliestYearCE":-5600,"entryId":"noaa-coral-9813","funding":[],"investigators":"McGregor, H.V.; Gagan, M.K.","mostRecentYearBP":-47,"mostRecentYearCE":1997,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9813","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Skeletal oxygen isotope ratios in Holocene Porites corals from \nnorthern Papua New Guinea record decreases in sea surface temperature \n(SST) and rainfall during El Nino events. Threshold analysis of seven \nfossil coral d18O records spanning the period 7.6-5.4 ka (thousand \nyears ago) shows 8-12 El Nino events/century, significantly less \nthan the 23 events/century recorded by the NINO3.4 Index. The coral \nreconstructions also show a 15% reduction in El Nino event amplitude \nfor 7.6-5.4 ka, compared to today, which is greater than the \nsuppression given by model studies. In contrast, large and protracted \nEl Nino events are identified for 2.5-1.7 ka. Taken together, \nthe results indicate a nonlinear atmospheric response to Holocene \nchanges in El Nino SST anomalies. We propose that small changes \nin tropical SST gradients, the positioning of the Intertropical \nConvergence Zone, and the Pacific tradewind climatology modify \nthe impact of El Nino events on western Pacific rainfall. \n","author":null,"citation":"McGregor, H.V., and M.K. Gagan. 2004.\nWestern Pacific coral d18O records of anomalous Holocene \nvariability in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. \nGeophysical Research Letters, 31, L11204, doi:10.1029/2004GL019972.\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2004GL019972","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019972"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2004,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Western Pacific coral d18O records of anomalous Holocene  variability in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Warm Pool","ENSO"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"31486","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-3.4064","143.6083"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"143.6083","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"-3.4064","southernmostLatitude":"-3.4064","westernmostLongitude":"143.6083"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>South Pacific Ocean>Melanesia>Papua New Guinea","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"1002551","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/papau-new-guinea2004.xls","linkText":"papau-new-guinea2004.xls","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/mcgregor2004-fm09_noaa.txt","linkText":"FM09 Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized to series mean","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"04papu01b","dataTableNotes":"Core FM09; 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Uranium-series ages of these corals were \ndetermined by isotope dilution thermal ionisation mass spectrometry, \nwith fossil coral initial d234U constrained to 146–150 per mil. \nThe average error on the uranium-series ages  is ±90 yr.  \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"8745"}