{"NOAAStudyId":"9819","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-11-16","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-9819.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":7244,"earliestYearCE":-5294,"entryId":"noaa-coral-9819","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Australian Research Council  ","fundingGrant":"DP0663227"},{"fundingAgency":"Australian Postgraduate Award","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Abram, N.J.; McGregor, H.V.; Gagan, M.K.; Hantoro, W.S.; Suwargadi, B.W.","mostRecentYearBP":6794,"mostRecentYearCE":-4844,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9819","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) is thought to play a key role \nin the propagation and amplification of climate changes through \nits influence on the global distribution of heat and water vapour. \nHowever, little is known about past changes in the size and position \nof the IPWP. In this study, we use a total of 48 modern and fossil \ncoral records from the Mentawai Islands (Sumatra, Indonesia) and \nMuschu/Koil Islands (Papua New Guinea) to reconstruct oscillations \nin the extent of the IPWP since the mid-Holocene. We show that \nreliable estimates of mean sea surface temperature (SST) can be \nobtained from fossil corals by using low-resolution Sr/Ca analysis \nof a suite of corals to overcome the large uncertainties associated \nwith mean Sr/Ca-SST estimates from individual coral colonies. \nThe coral records indicate that the southeastern and southwestern \nmargins of the IPWP were cooler than at present between ~5500 and \n4300 years BP (~1.2°C ± 0.3°C) and were similarly cool before \n~6800 years BP. This mid-Holocene cooling was punctuated by an abrupt, \nshort-lived shift to mean SSTs that were warmer than at present \nbetween ~6600 and 6300 years BP (~1.3°C ± 0.3°C), while similarly \nwarm conditions may have also existed after ~4300 years BP. \nWe suggest that mid-Holocene cooling at our study sites was related \nto contractions of the southeastern and southwestern margins of the \nIPWP, associated with the more northerly position of the Inter-tropical \nConvergence Zone (ITCZ) that accompanied mid-Holocene strengthening \nof the Asian summer monsoon. Conversely, intervals of abrupt warming \nappear to correspond with widespread episodes of monsoon weakening \nand accompanying southward migrations of the ITCZ that caused the \nIPWP to expand beyond our coral sites. Intervals of a strengthened \nAsian monsoon and cooling in the southwestern IPWP during the \nmid-Holocene appear to correspond with a more positive Indian Ocean \nDipole (IOD)-like mean configuration across the tropical Indian Ocean, \nsuggesting that the Asian monsoon-IOD interaction that exists at \ninterannual time scales also persists over centennial to millennial \nscales. Associated mean changes in the Pacific ENSO modes may have \nalso occurred during the mid-Holocene. The dynamic and inter-connected \nbehaviour of the IPWP with tropical climate systems during the \nmid-Holocene highlights the fundamental importance of the warm pool \nregion for understanding climate change throughout the tropics \nand beyond. \n\n","author":null,"citation":"Abram, N.J., H.V. McGregor, M.K. Gagan, W.S. Hantoro, \nand B.W. Suwargadi. 2009. \nOscillations in the southern extent of the Indo-Pacific \nWarm Pool during the mid-Holocene. \nQuaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 28, pp. 2794-2803. \ndoi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.006 \n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.006 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.006 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Oscillations in the southern extent of the Indo-Pacific  Warm Pool during the mid-Holocene","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Warm Pool","Interglacial","Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22893","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-.13","98.52"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"98.52","maxElevationMeters":"-6","minElevationMeters":"-6","northernmostLatitude":"-0.13","southernmostLatitude":"-0.13","westernmostLongitude":"98.52"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Indonesia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"18700","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>trace metals"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/abram2009ipwp-sst.txt","linkText":"abram2009ipwp-sst.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized to modern instrumental","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized to modern instrumental","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"two standard deviations","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"95% confidence interval lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"95% confidence interval upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"thermal ionization mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":"two standard error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvMethod":"thermal ionization mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>corals and sclerosponges>trace metals"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/abram2009ipwp-sst.xls","linkText":"abram2009ipwp-sst.xls","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"TM01-A-1","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":7244,"earliestYearBP":7244,"earliestYearCE":-5294,"mostRecentYear":6794,"mostRecentYearBP":6794,"mostRecentYearCE":-4844,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Mentawai"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Indo-Pacific Warm Pool Mid-Holocene Coral Sr/Ca SST Reconstructions","studyNotes":"Mid-Holocene sea surface temperature reconstructions for the \nIndo-Pacific Warm Pool region based on fossil coral Sr/Ca ratios.     \n\nAll coral ages are given in years before present (yBP) notation, \nwhere present is 1950 AD. Modern coral ages are absolute, based \non drilling date and comparison with instrumental records, \nand are expressed in years before present notation for consistency \nwith the fossil coral data. \n\nFossil coral age determinations were made using calibrated \nradiocarbon measurements (2s age range) for the Mentawai corals \nand U/Th measurements for the Muschu/Koil corals (±2s error). \n   \n2 standard error on mean Sr/Ca determinations are derived from \nthe average of yearly or composite resolution Sr/Ca measurements, \nor of the average of triplicate Sr/Ca measurements of bulk coral \npowders. \n\nThe mean Sr/Ca values were converted to SST anomalies relative to \nthe mean Sr/Ca value obtained from the modern corals for each \nlocality using a mean Sr/Ca-SST dependence of -0.061 mmol mol-1 °C-1 \n(Abram et al. 2007, Correge et al. 2006). The error on the \nreconstructed SST anomaly is a combined error based on the \nstandard error on the mean fossil Sr/Ca determinations and the \nstandard deviation around the reconstruction of modern SST from \nthe modern coral samples at each locality. \n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11400"}