{"NOAAStudyId":"10552","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-08-10","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"FIRE HISTORY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/fire-history","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-fire-10552.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"entryId":"noaa-fire-10552","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"McIntire_Stennis","fundingGrant":"ARZZ-NAU-MS-36-0158440"}],"investigators":"Heinlein, T.A.; Moore, M.M.; Fulé, P.Z.; Covington, W.W.","mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10552","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We reconstructed historical fires regimes and contemporary and historical stand structures in the drier mixed conifer forests on the San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona, USA.  Thirty-four fire-scarred specimens recorded 256 fires from the EAST and WEST study sites.  Fires were recorded between 1739 and 1903 for the EAST site and between 1548 and 1947 for the WEST site.  The mean fire return interval (MFI: >= 25% scarred) for the period 1690-1892 was 10 years with a range of 3 to 21 years for the EAST site.  The WEST site MFI (period 1612-1876) was 9 years with a range of 3 to 21 years. Seasonal patterns of fire occurrence showed that the majority of fires burned during the summer months.  Fire interval (years) means, variances, and distributions between the EAST and WEST sites were not statistically different from one another for the common analysis period of 1690-1876.  Historically, both the EAST and WEST sites were dominated by ponderosa pine, with scattered individuals of Douglas-fir, limber pine, and white fir, with tree densities that ranged from 44 to 60 trees per hectare (TPH).  Current forest composition has shifted from fire-tolerant ponderosa pine to less fire-tolerant, more shade-tolerant species, with tree densities ranging from 1,516 to over 1,700 TPH.  We suggest that the dramatic structural changes recorded at our study sites occurred since fire regime disruption. ","author":null,"citation":"Heinlein, T.A., M.M. Moore, P.Z. Fulé, and W.W. Covington.  2005.\r\nFire history and stand structure of two ponderosa pine-mixed conifer sites:  \r\nSan Francisco Peaks, Arizona, USA.  International Journal of Wildland Fire. \r\n14:307-320. doi:10.1071/WF04060","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1071/WF04060","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF04060"},"issue":null,"journal":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2005,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Fire history and stand structure of two ponderosa pine–mixed conifer sites: San Francisco Peaks, Arizona, USA","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["ponderosa pine","ABCO","PIFL","western yellow pine","Pinus flexilis E. James","limber pine","PSME","Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco","Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson","white fir","Abies concolor (Gordon) Lindl. ex Hildebr.","Douglas-fir","PIPO"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"31405","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["35.316666","-111.608333"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-111.608333","maxElevationMeters":"2500","minElevationMeters":"2500","northernmostLatitude":"35.316666","southernmostLatitude":"35.316666","westernmostLongitude":"-111.608333"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Arizona","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19349","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/fire-hist-graphs/usspe001-fire-hist-graph.pdf","linkText":"usspe001-fire-hist-graph.pdf","urlDescription":"Fire History Graph","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/fire-hist-graphs/usspe001-fire-hist-graph.png","linkText":"usspe001-fire-hist-graph.png","urlDescription":"Fire History Graph","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usspe001.fhx","linkText":"usspe001.fhx","urlDescription":"Fire Scar Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"FHX2 data format; refer to IMPD documentation for description of codes","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":"biological material>tissue>wood","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"formation property>event layer>tree demographic and injury and fire event code"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usspe001.txt","linkText":"usspe001.txt","urlDescription":"More Information","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"FHX2 data format; refer to IMPD documentation for description of codes","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":"biological material>tissue>wood","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"formation property>event layer>tree demographic and injury and fire event code"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"USSPE001","dataTableNotes":"Sample Storage Location: Northern Arizona University (contact\r\nPete.Fule@nau.edu)\r\n\r\n","earliestYear":1500,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"mostRecentYear":1995,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"species":[{"commonName":["white fir"],"scientificName":"Abies concolor (Gordon) Lindl. ex Hildebr.","speciesCode":"ABCO"},{"commonName":["limber pine"],"scientificName":"Pinus flexilis E. James","speciesCode":"PIFL"},{"commonName":["ponderosa pine","western yellow pine"],"scientificName":"Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson","speciesCode":"PIPO"},{"commonName":["Douglas-fir"],"scientificName":"Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco","speciesCode":"PSME"}],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"San Francisco Peaks (East)"}],"studyCode":"USSPE001","studyName":"Heinlein fire data from San Francisco Peaks (East) - IMPD USSPE001","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"9216"}