{"NOAAStudyId":"17174","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-09-10","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"FIRE HISTORY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/fire-history","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-fire-17174.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1485,"earliestYearCE":465,"entryId":"noaa-fire-17174","funding":[],"investigators":"McWethy, D.; Wilmshurst, J.M.; Whitlock, C.; Wood, J.R.; McGlone, M.S.","mostRecentYearBP":-53,"mostRecentYearCE":2003,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17174","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"McWethy,D.B.,Whitlock,C.,Wilmshurst,J.M.,McGlone,M.S.,Fromont,M.,Li,X., Dieffenbacher-\r\nKrall,A.,Hobbs,W.O.,Fritz,S.C.,Cook,E.R."},"citation":"McWethy,D.B.,Whitlock,C.,Wilmshurst,J.M.,McGlone,M.S.,Fromont,M.,Li,X., Dieffenbacher-\r\nKrall,A.,Hobbs,W.O.,Fritz,S.C.,Cook,E.R. 2010. Rapid landscape transformation in South Island, New Zealand, following initial Polynesian settlement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. . doi: 107:21343-21348","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"107:21343-21348","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/107:21343-21348"},"issue":null,"journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Rapid landscape transformation in South Island, New Zealand, following initial Polynesian settlement.","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":"Human-caused forest transitions are documented worldwide, especially during periods when land use by dense agriculturally-based populations intensified. However, the rate at which prehistoric human activities led to permanent deforestation is poorly resolved. In the South Island, New Zealand, the arrival of Polynesians c. 750 years ago resulted in dramatic forest loss and conversion of nearly half of native forests to open vegetation. This transformation, termed the Initial Burning Period, is documented in pollen and charcoal records, but its speed has been poorly constrained. High-resolution chronologies developed with a series of AMS radiocarbon dates from two lake sediment cores suggest the shift from forest to shrubland occurred within decades rather than centuries at drier sites. We examine two sites representing extreme examples of the magnitude of human impacts: a drier site that was inherently more vulnerable to human-set fires and a wetter, less burnable site. The astonishing rate of deforestation at the hands of small transient populations resulted from the intrinsic vulnerability of the native flora to fire and from positive feedbacks in post-fire vegetation recovery that increased landscape flammability. Spatially targeting burning in highly-flammable seral vegetation in forests rarely experiencing fire was sufficient to create an alternate fire-prone stable state. The New Zealand example illustrates how seemingly stable forest ecosystems can experience rapid and permanent conversions. Forest loss in New Zealand is among the fastest ecological transitions documented in the Holocene; yet equally rapid transitions can be expected in present-day regions wherever positive feedbacks support alternate fire-inhibiting, fire-prone stable states.","author":{"name":"McWethy,David,B.;Wilmshurst,Janet,M.;Whitlock,C.;Wood,Jamie,R.;McGlone,Matt,S."},"citation":"McWethy,David,B.;Wilmshurst,Janet,M.;Whitlock,C.;Wood,Jamie,R.;McGlone,Matt,S. 2014. A High-Resolution Chronology of Rapid Forest Transitions following Polynesian Arrival in New Zealand. PLoS ONE, 9(11), e111328. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111328","edition":"e111328","identifier":{"id":"10.1371/journal.pone.0111328","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111328"},"issue":null,"journal":"PLoS ONE","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A High-Resolution Chronology of Rapid Forest Transitions following Polynesian Arrival in New Zealand","type":"publication","volume":"9(11)"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56304","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-45.02706","168.57374"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"168.57374","maxElevationMeters":"570","minElevationMeters":"570","northernmostLatitude":"-45.02706","southernmostLatitude":"-45.02706","westernmostLongitude":"168.57374"}},"locationName":"Continent>Australia/New Zealand>New Zealand","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"27500","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>charcoal sediment"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/australia/nzkpl001.txt","linkText":"nzkpl001.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"middle of sample","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"top of sample","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>age at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"bottom of sample","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>age at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"size fraction >125 microns","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"biological material>bulk biological material>charcoal"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"milliliter","cvWhat":"physical property>volume"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>charcoal sediment"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/australia/supplemental/nzkpl001-lake-kirkpatrick-nz-charcoal-impd.xlsx","linkText":"nzkpl001-lake-kirkpatrick-nz-charcoal-impd.xlsx","urlDescription":"Supplemental data Excel file","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"NZKPL001 CHAR","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1485,"earliestYearBP":1485,"earliestYearCE":465,"mostRecentYear":-53,"mostRecentYearBP":-53,"mostRecentYearCE":2003,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Lake Kirkpatrick"}],"studyCode":"NZKPL001","studyName":"McWethy Fire Data from Lake Kirkpatrick, New Zealand - IMPD NZKPL001","studyNotes":";Keywords, Deforestation, human impacts, fire, positive feedbacks, tipping points, paleoecology, forest transitions, land-use change, alternate stable states; \n \nCollectors, Janet Wilmshurst, David McWethy;\n \nSite size (ha), 3;\n \nContact person, \"David McWethy, Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University,dmcwethy@montana.edu\"; \n \nSample storage location, Montana State University MT; \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14822"}