{"NOAAStudyId":"18055","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-02-23","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"FIRE HISTORY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/fire-history","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-fire-18055.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":540,"earliestYearCE":1410,"entryId":"noaa-fire-18055","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"University of Arizona","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"National Fire Plan","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Rocky Mountain Research Station","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Central Oregon Fire Management Service (Deschutes and Ochoco National Forests, C","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Forest Service Region 6","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"The Nature Conservancy","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Heyerdahl, E.K.; Falk, D.A.; Loehman, R.A.","mostRecentYearBP":-61,"mostRecentYearCE":2011,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18055","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Dry mixed-conifer forests are widespread in the interior west of North America, but their historical fire regimes are poorly understood.  We reconstructed a multicentury history of the spatial complexity in forest fire regimes (frequency, severity, and extent) in dry mixed-conifer forests in central Oregon.  We sampled four 30-plot grids over 3,222 ha, one in the eastern Cascade Range and three in the Ochoco Mountains.  All four sites are currently dominated by grand fir, Douglas-fir, and ponderosa pine with varying, but minor, amounts of western larch, incense cedar, or western juniper growing fine-grained mosaics.  We sampled 4,065 trees to determine their recruitment dates and/or the dates of surface fires and used these to reconstruct remarkably similar historical fire regimes at all four sites.  These regimes were dominated by frequent and often extensive surface fires, but included occasional patches of severe fire.  Although forest types varied within sites, historical fire regimes did not vary substantially among these types.","author":{"name":"Merschel, A.G., T.A. Spies, and E.K. Heyerdahl"},"citation":"Merschel, A.G., T.A. Spies, and E.K. Heyerdahl. 2014. Mixed-conifer forests of central Oregon: effects of logging and fire exclusion vary with environment. Ecological Applications, 24, 1670–1688. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-1585.1","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-1585.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-1585.1"},"issue":null,"journal":"Ecological Applications","pages":"1670–1688","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Mixed-conifer forests of central Oregon: effects of logging and fire exclusion vary with environment","type":"publication","volume":"24"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["LAOC","PIPO","PSME","Douglas-fir","California incense cedar","Larix occidentalis Nutt.","western larch","Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson","ponderosa pine","Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco","Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin = Libocedrus decurrens Torr.","grand fir","western yellow pine","ABGR","CADE","Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.","giant fir"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56471","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["44.5865","-121.575111"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-121.575111","maxElevationMeters":"1426","minElevationMeters":"1426","northernmostLatitude":"44.5865","southernmostLatitude":"44.5865","westernmostLongitude":"-121.575111"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Oregon","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"28394","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/fire-hist-graphs/usgrr001-fire-hist-graph.png","linkText":"usgrr001-fire-hist-graph.png","urlDescription":"Fire History Graph","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/fire-hist-graphs/usgrr001-fire-hist-graph.pdf","linkText":"usgrr001-fire-hist-graph.pdf","urlDescription":"Fire History Graph","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>establishment dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/establishment/northamerica/usgrr001.dat","linkText":"usgrr001.dat","urlDescription":"Establishment Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Tree ID","cvDataType":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":"biological material>tissue>wood","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"formation property>event layer>tree demographic and injury and fire event code"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usgrr001.fhx","linkText":"usgrr001.fhx","urlDescription":"Fire Scar Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"FHX2 data format; refer to IMPD documentation for description of codes","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":"biological material>tissue>wood","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"formation property>event layer>tree demographic and injury and fire event code"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usgrr001.txt","linkText":"usgrr001.txt","urlDescription":"More Information","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"FHX2 data format; refer to IMPD documentation for description of codes","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":"biological material>tissue>wood","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"formation property>event layer>tree demographic and injury and fire event code"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/supplemental/usgrr001-plot-data.csv","linkText":"usgrr001-plot-data.csv","urlDescription":"Supplemental Data","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/supplemental/usgrr001-saplings.csv","linkText":"usgrr001-saplings.csv","urlDescription":"Supplemental Data","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/supplemental/usgrr001-scarred-tree-info.csv","linkText":"usgrr001-scarred-tree-info.csv","urlDescription":"Supplemental Data","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/supplemental/usgrr001-undatable-trees.csv","linkText":"usgrr001-undatable-trees.csv","urlDescription":"Supplemental Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"USGRR001","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1410,"earliestYearBP":540,"earliestYearCE":1410,"mostRecentYear":2011,"mostRecentYearBP":-61,"mostRecentYearCE":2011,"species":[{"commonName":["grand fir","giant fir"],"scientificName":"Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.","speciesCode":"ABGR"},{"commonName":["California incense cedar"],"scientificName":"Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin = Libocedrus decurrens Torr.","speciesCode":"CADE"},{"commonName":["western larch"],"scientificName":"Larix occidentalis Nutt.","speciesCode":"LAOC"},{"commonName":["ponderosa pine","western yellow pine"],"scientificName":"Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson","speciesCode":"PIPO"},{"commonName":["Douglas-fir"],"scientificName":"Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco","speciesCode":"PSME"}],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Green Ridge"}],"studyCode":"USGRR001","studyName":"Heyerdahl fire data from Green Ridge, central Oregon - IMPD USGRR001","studyNotes":"This site was sampled as part of a project to reconstruct historical fire regimes in central Oregon.\n\nWhite fir (Abies concolor) and grand fir (Abies grandis) hybridize in the sampling area and are difficult to identify in the field so we did not attempt to distinguish between these two species, but report them as a combined category.\n\nRing-boundary fire scars were assigned to the preceding calendar year.\n\nSeveral metadata files are provided with the FHX file.   -999 in any file indicates no data.\n\nFour supplemental information files  are located at URL - http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/supplemental/   :\n\n(1) usgrr001_plot_data.csv - provides information on the plots.\n\n(2) usgrr001_saplings.csv - provides information on small trees that we did not attempt to remove wood samples from.  These trees were tallied in each plot by species and diameter class (measured at breast height, 1.4 m) in 5.6-m radius plots.  Diameter classes:  2.5 (0-5 cm), 7.5 (5-10 cm), 15 (10-20 cm). \n\n(3) usgrr001_scarred_tree_info.csv - provides information on fire-scarred trees, including ones we also sampled for recruitment date.\n\n(4) usgrr001_undatable_trees.csv - provides information on trees from which it did not appear that we could obtain intact wood samples.\n\nWe identified four forest types in the eastern Cascades and four analogous types with lower densities in the Ochoco Mountains.  All types historically contained ponderosa pine, but differ in the historical and modern proportions of shade-tolerant versus intolerant tree species. The Persistent Ponderosa Pine and Recent Douglas-fir types occupied relatively hot-dry environments compared to Recent Grand Fir and Persistent Shade Tolerant sites, which occupied warm-moist and cold-wet environments, respectively.  Twentieth-century selective harvesting halved the density of large trees, with some variation among forest types. In contrast, the density of small trees doubled or tripled early in the 20th century, likely due to land-use change and a relatively cool-wet climate. Contrary to the common perception that dry ponderosa pine forests are the most highly departed from historical conditions, we found a greater departure in the modern composition of small trees in warm-moist environments than in either hot-dry or cold-wet environments. Furthermore, shade tolerants began infilling earlier in cold-wet than in hot-dry environments and also in topographically shaded sites in the Ochoco Mountains. Our new classification could be used to prioritize management that seeks to restore structure and composition or create resilience in mixed-conifer forests of the region. \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"15757"}