{"NOAAStudyId":"19542","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-12-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"FIRE HISTORY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/fire-history","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-fire-19542.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":12100,"earliestYearCE":-10150,"entryId":"noaa-fire-19542","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ARC-1023477, ARC-1023669"},{"fundingAgency":"EPA STAR","fundingGrant":"Doctoral award to MLC"}],"investigators":"Chipman, M.L.; Hudspith, V.; Higuera, P.E.; Duffy, P.A.; Kelly, R.F.; Oswald, W.; Hu, F.S.","mostRecentYearBP":-47,"mostRecentYearCE":1997,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19542","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Anthropogenic climate change has altered many ecosystem processes in the Arctic tundra and may have resulted in unprecedented fire activity. Evaluating the significance of recent fires requires knowledge from the paleofire record because observational data in the Arctic span only several decades, much shorter than the natural fire rotation in Arctic tundra regions. Here we report results of charcoal analysis on lake sediments from four Alaskan lakes to infer the broad spatial and temporal patterns of tundra-fire occurrence over the past 35 000 years. Background charcoal accumulation rates are low in all records (0-0.05 pieces cm-2 yr-1), suggesting minimal biomass burning across our study areas. Charcoal peak analysis reveals that the mean fire-return interval (FRI; years between consecutive fire events) ranged from ca. 1650 to 6050 years at our sites, and that the most recent fire events occurred from ca. 880 to 7030 years ago, except for the CE 2007 Anaktuvuk River Fire. These mean FRI estimates are longer than the fire rotation periods estimated for the past 63 years in the areas surrounding three of the four study lakes. This result suggests that the frequency of tundra burning was higher over the recent past compared to the late Quaternary in some tundra regions. However, the ranges of FRI estimates from our paleofire records overlap with the expected values based on fire-rotation-period estimates from the observational fire data, and the differences are statistically insignificant. Together with previous tundra-fire reconstructions, these data suggest that the rate of tundra burning was spatially variable and that fires were extremely rare in our study areas throughout the late Quaternary. Given the rarity of tundra burning over multiple millennia in our study areas and the pronounced effects of fire on tundra ecosystem processes such as carbon cycling, dramatic tundra ecosystem changes are expected if anthropogenic climate change leads to more frequent tundra fires.","author":{"name":"Chipman, M.L., Hudspith, V., Higuera, P.E., Duffy, P.A., Kelly, R., Oswald, W.W., and F.S. Hu"},"citation":"Chipman, M.L., Hudspith, V., Higuera, P.E., Duffy, P.A., Kelly, R., Oswald, W.W., and F.S. Hu. 2015. Spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: late-Quaternary charcoal records from Alaska. Biogeosciences, 12, 4017-4027. doi: 10.5194/bg-12-4017-2015","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/bg-12-4017-2015","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4017-2015"},"issue":null,"journal":"Biogeosciences","pages":"4017-4027","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: late-Quaternary charcoal records from Alaska","type":"publication","volume":"12"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Arctic"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56656","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["68.6286","-149.413528"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-149.413528","maxElevationMeters":"800","minElevationMeters":"800","northernmostLatitude":"68.6286","southernmostLatitude":"68.6286","westernmostLongitude":"-149.413528"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Alaska","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30144","coreLengthMeters":3,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>charcoal sediment"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/usup-001.txt","linkText":"usup-001.txt","urlDescription":"Charcoal Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>age at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>age at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment>wet sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"milliliter","cvWhat":"physical property>volume"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"> 125 um","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"biological material>bulk biological material>charcoal"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>charcoal sediment"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/supplemental/usup-001-charanalysis-params.csv","linkText":"usup-001-charanalysis-params.csv","urlDescription":"Supplemental Material: CharAnalysis parameters file","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>charcoal sediment"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/supplemental/usup-001-charanalysis-data.csv","linkText":"usup-001-charanalysis-data.csv","urlDescription":"Supplemental Material: Charcoal data in CharAnalysis input file format","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>charcoal sediment"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/supplemental/usup-001-charanalysis-results.csv","linkText":"usup-001-charanalysis-results.csv","urlDescription":"Supplemental Material: CharAnalysis results file","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"USUP-001 CHAR","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":12100,"earliestYearBP":12100,"earliestYearCE":-10150,"mostRecentYear":-47,"mostRecentYearBP":-47,"mostRecentYearCE":1997,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Upper Capsule Lake"}],"studyCode":"USUP-001","studyName":"Chipman fire data from Upper Capsule Lake, North Slope, Alaska - IMPD USUP-001","studyNotes":"Chronology and macroscopic charcoal counts (number of pieces >125 microns) from lake sediments, Upper Capsule Lake, North Slope, Alaska.\n\nProvided Keywords: tundra fire-regimes, Arctic, Alaska\n\nAdditional Information:\nContact person:\tFeng Sheng Hu\nSample storage location:\tUniversity of Illinois, Urbana.\nSampling date:\t1997\nSite size(ha):\t1.1\nLocation description:\tTussock-sedge, dwarf shrub tundra\nState/Province:\tAlaska\nWater depth(cm):\t5.7\nSampling device:\tAll cores were taken with a combination of 7.5 cm livingstone, 5 cm livingstone, and 7.5 cm polycarbonate tube;\t\nAnalysis method:\tMacroscopic charcoal counts (>125 microns). Please see Chipman et al. 2015 for details","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17273"}