{"NOAAStudyId":"19922","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-03-28","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"FIRE HISTORY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/fire-history","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-fire-19922.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":4508,"earliestYearCE":-2558,"entryId":"noaa-fire-19922","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"IIA-0966472"},{"fundingAgency":"National Parks Ecological Research Fellowship","fundingGrant":"(P.E.H.)"},{"fundingAgency":"University of Idaho","fundingGrant":"C. R. Stillinger Forest Science Research Fellowship (P.V.D.)"}],"investigators":"Dunnette, P.V.; Higuera, P.E.; McLauchlan, K.K.; Derr, K.M.; Briles, C.E.; Keffe, M.H.","mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19922","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Wildfires can significantly alter forest carbon (C) storage and nitrogen (N) availability, but the long-term biogeochemical legacy of wildfires is poorly understood.\r\n\r\nWe obtained a lake-sediment record of fire and biogeochemistry from a subalpine forest in Colorado, USA, to examine the nature, magnitude, and duration of decadal-scale, fire-induced ecosystem change over the past c. 4250 yr. The high-resolution record contained 34 fires, including 13 high-severity events within the watershed.\r\n\r\nHigh-severity fires were followed by increased sedimentary N stable isotope ratios (d15N) and bulk density, and decreased C and N concentrations – reflecting forest floor destruction, terrestrial C and N losses, and erosion. Sustained low sediment C : N c. 20–50 yr post-fire indicates reduced terrestrial organic matter subsidies to the lake. Low sedimentary d15N c. 50–70 yr post-fire, coincident with C and N recovery, suggests diminishing terrestrial N availability during stand development. The magnitude of post-fire changes generally scaled directly with inferred fire severity.\r\n\r\nOur results support modern studies of forest successional C and N accumulation and indicate pronounced, long-lasting biogeochemical impacts of wildfires in subalpine forests. However, even repeated high-severity fires over millennia probably did not deplete C or N stocks, because centuries between high-severity fires allowed for sufficient biomass recovery.\r\n","author":{"name":"Paul V. Dunnette, Philip E. Higuera, Kendra K. McLauchlan, Kelly M. Derr, Christy E. Briles and Margaret H. Keefe"},"citation":"Paul V. Dunnette, Philip E. Higuera, Kendra K. McLauchlan, Kelly M. Derr, Christy E. Briles and Margaret H. Keefe. 2014. Biogeochemical impacts of wildfires over four millennia in a Rocky Mountain subalpine watershed. New Phytologist, 203, 900 - 912. doi: 10.1111/nph.12828","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1111/nph.12828","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12828"},"issue":null,"journal":"New Phytologist","pages":"900 - 912","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Biogeochemical impacts of wildfires over four millennia in a Rocky Mountain subalpine watershed","type":"publication","volume":"203"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56769","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["40.334249","-105.84727"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-105.84727","maxElevationMeters":"2796","minElevationMeters":"2796","northernmostLatitude":"40.334249","southernmostLatitude":"40.334249","westernmostLongitude":"-105.84727"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Colorado","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30583","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>age at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>age at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment>wet sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"milliliter","cvWhat":"physical property>volume"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":">125 um","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"biological material>bulk biological material>charcoal"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>charcoal sediment"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/supplemental/uschk001/","linkText":"Supplemental Material: MS, LOI, chronology, biogenc Silica, bigeochemical, & pollen data","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"USCHK001 CHAR","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":4508,"earliestYearBP":4508,"earliestYearCE":-2558,"mostRecentYear":-60,"mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30584","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>charcoal sediment"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/uschk001.mag","linkText":"uschk001.mag","urlDescription":"Magnetic Susceptibility Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>age at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year 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HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless (SI system)","cvWhat":"magnetic property>magnetic moments>magnetic susceptibility"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>charcoal sediment"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/supplemental/uschk001/","linkText":"Supplemental Material: MS, LOI, chronology, biogenc Silica, bigeochemical, & pollen data","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"USCHK001 MAG","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":4508,"earliestYearBP":4508,"earliestYearCE":-2558,"mostRecentYear":-60,"mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30585","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>charcoal sediment"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/uschk001.loi","linkText":"uschk001.loi","urlDescription":"Loss-on-ignition Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample 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molecule>carbon"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>carbon/nitrogen"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"dry grams per wet cm cubed","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"gram per cubic centimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>density"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"combusted 550 degrees C four 4 hours","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"loss on ignition","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"combusted 1000 degrees C four 4 hours","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"loss on ignition","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>charcoal sediment"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/supplemental/uschk001/","linkText":"Supplemental Material: MS, LOI, chronology, biogenc Silica, bigeochemical, & pollen data","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"USCHK001 LOI","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":4508,"earliestYearBP":4508,"earliestYearCE":-2558,"mostRecentYear":-60,"mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Chickaree Lake"}],"studyCode":"USCHK001","studyName":"Dunnette fire data from Chickaree Lake, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado - IMPD USCHK001","studyNotes":" Contact person: Philip E. Higuera;\n Contact person email address: phiguera@uidaho.edu;\n Sampling date: 2010-08;\n Water depth (cm): 790;\n Sampling device: modified Livingstone piston corer;\n Diameter (cm): 5.0 and 7.6 cm diameter;\n\n Supplemental Material Data File Content Details (27 files total):  \n Contents:\n I. Biogeochemical Data Files           (file count: 1)\n II. Biogenic Silica Data Files         (file count: 1)\n III. Charcoal Data Files               (file count: 3)\n IV. Chronology Data Files              (file count: 14)\n V. Loss-on-ignition Data Files         (file count: 1)\n VI. Magnetic Susceptibility Data Files (file count: 3)\n VII. Pollen Data Files                 (file count: 3)\n \n Note: All 27 Supplemental Material Data Files of this dataset, listed below, begin with the IMPD code for this dataset: \"usck001\", and are locate at:\n       http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/supplemental/\n \n I. Biogeochemical Data Files (file count: 1)\n \n A. uschk001-ch10-biogeochemdata.csv\n Biogeochemical Data\n This file contains the same information as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_biogeochemData.csv\n \n This file includes the following raw data (by column):\n 1. core_ID: Sediment core identifier\n 2. drive_ID: Drive identifier\n 3. top_sam #: Top sample number\n 4. bot_sam #: Bottom sample number\n 5. top_cm: Top depth of sample (cm)\n 6. bot_cm: Bottom depth of sample (cm)\n 7. top_age: Top age of sample (cal. yr before CE 1950)\n 8. bot_age: Bottom age of sample (cal. yr before CE 1950)\n 9. d15N: Nitrogen isotopic composition (delta 15N; per mil)\n 10. %N: Percent Nitrogen (by weight)\n 11. d13C: Carbon isotopic composition (delta 13C; per mil)\n 12. %C: Percent Carbon (by weight)\n 13. C:N_atomic_ratio: Ratio of %C to %N (atomic)\n 14. bulk_density: Bulk density (dry g wet cm-3)\n 15. C_acc: Carbon accumulation rate (g cm-2 yr-1)\n 16. MS_SI : Magnetic susceptibility (SI units)\n \n Missing Values: NaN\n Checksum values:\n 635 rows (with headers), 16 columns\n Column 3 (top_sam #): 58551\n Column 5 (top_cm): 201836\n Column 10 (%N): 626.83\n Column 15 (C_acc): 341.58\n \n \n II. Biogenic Silica Data Files (file count: 1)\n \n A. uschk001-ch10-bsi-data.csv\n Biogenic Silica Data File\n This file contains the same information as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_BSiData\n \n This file includes the following raw data (by column):\n 1. top_cm: top depth of sample (cm)\n 2. bot_cm: bottom depth of sample (cm)\n 3. top_age: top age of sample (cal. yr before CE 1950)\n 4. bot_age: bottom age of sample (cal. yr before CE 1950)\n 5. %BSi: Percent biogenic silica (by weight)\n 6. d15NAIR: Nitrogen isotopic composition (delta 15N; per mil)\n 7. %N: Percent Nitrogen (by weight)\n 8. d13CVPDB_17O_corrected: Carbon isotopic composition delta 13C; per mil)\n 9. %C: Percent Carbon (by weight)\n 10. C:N_atomic_ratio: Ratio of %C to %N (atomic)\n 11. bulk_density: Bulk density (dry g / wet cm3)\n \n Missing Values: None\n Checksum values:\n 41 rows (with headers), 11 columns\n Column 3 (top_cm): 69935\n Column 5 (%BSi): 1042.45\n Column 10 (C:N): 591.52\n \n \n III. Charcoal Data Files (file count: 3)\n \n Three files, described below, provide the raw input data, the parameters used, and the output data for charcoal analysis via the program CharAnalysis (see Dunnette et al. 2014, Materials and Methods, and https://sites.google.com/site/charanalysis/).\n \n A. uschk001-ch10-char-data.csv\n The raw input data\n This file contains the same information as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_charData.csv,.\n This file also contains the same information as the charcoal data file for this dataset, which is located at: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/uschk001.txt\n \n This file includes the following raw data (by column):\n 1. cmTop: top depth (cm) of the sample\n 2. cmBot: bottom depth (cm) of the sample\n 3. ageTop: estimated age at top of sample (cal. yr before CE 1950)\n 4. ageBot: estimated age at bottom of sample (cal. yr before CE 1950)\n 5. charVol: volume of sediment subsample from which charcoal was prepared (cm3)\n 6. charCount: pieces of charcoal counted in the sample (#)\n Missing values: None\n Checksum values:\n 1202 rows (with headers), 6 columns\n Column 3 (ageTop): 2446519\n Column 6 (charCount): 38218\n \n B. uschk001-ch10-char-params.csv\n The parameters used\n This file contains the same information as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_charParams.csv\n \n See CharAnalysis User's Guide for description of parameters file, available at the web site link above.\n Missing values: -9999 (column 3) or blank cell (all others)\n Checksum values:\n 26 rows (with headers), 5 columns\n Column 3 (Parameters): -39779\n \n C. uschk001-ch10-char-results.csv\n The output data for charcoal analysis\n This file contains the same information as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_charResults.csv\n \n This file includes the following derived data (reflecting interpolation):\n 1. cmTop_i: top depth (cm) of interpolated sample\n 2. ageTop_i: bottom depth (cm) of interpolated sample\n 3. charCount_i: pieces of charcoal in interpolated sample\n 4. charVol_i: volume of interpolated sample\n 5. charCon_i: charcoal concentration in interpolated sample (pieces/cm3)\n 6. charAcc_i: charcoal accumulation rate, based in interpolated concentration and age (pieces/cm2 yr)\n 7. charBkg: background charcoal, Cback, smoothed based on methods selected in _charParams.csv file, (pieces/cm2 yr)\n 8. charPeak: peak charcoal, Cpeak, based on methods selected in _charParams.csv file, (pieces/cm2*yr)\n 9. thresh1: threshold value (pieces/cm2 yr) based on first threshold entered in _charParams.csv file\n 10. thresh2: same as thresh1, but for second threshold entered\n 11. thresh3: same as thresh1, but for third threshold entered\n 12. threshFinalPos: positive threshold value (pieces/cm2 yr), based on fourth threshold value entered in *charParams.csv file \n 13. threshFinalNeg: negative threshold value (pieces/cm2 yr), based on fourth threshold value entered in *charParams.csv file\n 14. SNI: signal-to-noise index values, based on threshdFinalPos values\n 15. threshGOF: P value from KS goodness-of-fit test between fitted noise distribution and empirical data below the sample-specific threshold\n 16. peaks1: samples that exceed thresh1 values are identified by \"1\"; only the first sample is identified\n 17. peaks2: same as peaks1, but for the second threshold value\n 18. peaks3: same as peaks1, but for the third threshold value\n 19. peaksFinal: same as peaks1, but for the final threshold value\n 20. peaksInsig.: peaks that exceeded threshFinalPos (the final threshold), but did not pass the minimum-count test are identified with a \"1\"\n 21. peakMag: peak magnitude is the total pieces of charcoal accumulated in a given peak (pieces/cm2*peak); if a peak is only one sample long, then peak magnitude is simply CHAR minus the positive threshold. If a peak is more than one sample long, then each sample exceeding threshFinal is summed\n 22. smPeak Frequ: frequency of peaks (from peaksFinal) smoothed over time, as set in *_charParams.csv file\n 23. smFRIs: fire return intervals (from peaksFinal) smoothed over time, as set in *_charParams.csv file\n \n Missing values: NaN\n Checksum values:\n 458 rows (with headers), 23 columns\n Column 2 (age Top_i): 1014540\n Column 6 (char Acc_i): 753.8938\n Column 19 (peaks Final): 36S\n \n \n IV. Chronology Data Files (file count: 14)\n \n A. uschk001-ch10_14Cdates.zip \n Chronology Data - .zip archive includes the .B00` files output from CALIB\n This file contains the same information as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_14Cdates.zip.\n \n B. uschk001-ch10-210pb-data.xls\n Chronology Data - Microsoft Excel format file containing Pb210 Data, Pb210 Params, and PB210 Results (210Pb Ages, and 210Pb Age Model). \n This file contains the same information as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_210Pb_data.xls.\n \n c. uschk001-ch10-210pb-input-data.csv\n Chronology Data - 210Pb Data \n This file contains the same information as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_210Pb_data.xls, tab: Pb210Data.\n \n D. uschk001-ch10-210pb-params.csv\n Chronology Data - 210Pb Parameter Choices \n This data is also contained in usck001-ch10-210pb-data.xls tab: Pb210Params. \n This file contains the same information as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_210Pb_data.xls, tab: Pb210Params. \n \n E. uschk001-ch10-210pb-results-ages.csv\n Chronology Data - 210Pb Ages\n This data is also contained in usck001-ch10-210pb-data.xls tab: Pb210Results, table within tab: 210Pb Ages.\n This file contains the same information as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_210Pb_data.xls, tab: Pb210Results, table within tab: 210Pb Ages.\n \n F. uschk001-ch10-210pb-results-age-model.csv\n Chronology Data - 210Pb Age Model\n This data is also contained in usck001-ch10-210pb-data.xls tab: Pb210Results, table within tab: 210Pb Age Model. \n This file contains the same information as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_210Pb_data.xls, tab: Pb210Results, table within tab: 210Pb Age Model.\n \n G. uschk001-ch10-age-depth-data.csv\n Supplemental Material: Chronology Data - age-depth data\n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_ageDepthData.csv.\n  \n This file includes the following raw data (by column):\n 1. Top depth of sample (cm)\n 2. Calibrated age at sample top (cal yr BP)\n 3. Upper 95% confidence intervals for data in column two\n 4. Lower 95% confidence intervals for data in column two\n 5. Sedimentation rate (cm/yr)\n 6. Upper 95% confidence intervals for data in column five\n 7. Lower 95% confidence intervals for data in column five\n 8. Sample resolution (yr/sample)\n 9. Upper 95% confidence intervals for data in column eight\n 10. Lower 95% confidence intervals for data in column eight\n Missing values: None\n Checksum values:\n 1596 rows (with headers), 10 columns\n Column 1 (sampleCm): 642150.9\n Column 2 (calAge): 4679522\n Column 5 (sedAcc): 211.236\n Column 8 (sampleRes): 6860.85\n \n H. uschk001-ch10-age-depth-data.xls\n Chronology Data - age-depth data in Microsoft Excel file format\n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_ageDepthData.xls.\n \n I. uschk001-ch10-age-depth-input-data-tab\n Chronology Data - age-depth input data  \n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_ageDepthData.xls, Tab: InputData\n This file also contains the same content as uschk001-ch10-age-depth-data.xls, Tab: InputData (described above).\n \n J. uschk001-ch10-age-depth-input-params-tab\n Chronology Data - age-depth input parameters  \n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_ageDepthData.xls, Tab: InputParams\n This file also contains the same content as uschk001-ch10-age-depth-data.xls, Tab: InputParams (described above).\n \n K. uschk001-ch10-age-depth-pb210-data-tab\n Chronology Data - age-depth pb21 data\n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_ageDepthData.xls, Tab: pb210Data\n This file also contains the same content as uschk001-ch10-age-depth-data.xls, Tab: pb210Data (described above).\n \n L. uschk001-ch10-age-depth-calib-dates-tab\n Chronology Data - age-depth input parameters  \n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_ageDepthData.xls, Tab: calibDates\n This file also contains the same content as uschk001-ch10-age-depth-data.xls, Tab: calibDates (described above).\n \n M. uschk001-ch10-age-depth-chron-tab\n Chronology Data - age-depth input parameters  \n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_ageDepthData.xls, Tab: chronology\n This file also contains the same content as uschk001-ch10-age-depth-data.xls, Tab: chronology (described above).\n \n N. uschk001-ch10_radiometric-samples.csv\n Chronology Data - radiometric samples.\n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_radiometricSamples.csv.\n This file also contains the same content as the Chronology section of this dataset for the Charcoal, Loss-on-ignition, and Magnetic Susceptibility data files, respectively named uschk001.txt, uschk001.loi, and uschk001.mag, and all located at http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/\n \n \n V. Loss-on-ignition Data Files (file count: 1)\n \n A. uschk001-ch10-loi-data.csv\n Loss-on-ignition data\n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_LOI_Data.csv.\n This file also contains the same content as the Data section of the Loss-on-ignition file for this dataset, located at: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/uschk001.loi\n     Note: for usck001.loi, core_ID, drive_id, top_sam#, and bot_sam# have been concatenated into the last column with heading, Notes. \n \n This file includes the following raw data (by column):\n 1. core_ID: Sediment core identification number\n 2. drive_ID: Drive identifier\n 3. top_sam #: Top sample number\n 4. bot_sam #: Bottom sample number\n 5. top_cm: top depth of sample (cm)\n 6. bot_cm: bottom depth of sample (cm)\n 7. top_age: top age of sample (cal. yr before CE 1950)\n 8. bot_age: bottom age of sample (cal. yr before CE 1950)\n 9. d15N: Nitrogen isotopic composition (delta 15N; per mil)\n 10. %N: Percent nitrogen (by weight)\n 11. d13C: Carbon isotopic composition (delta 13C; per mil)\n 12. %C: Percent carbon (by weight)\n 13. C:N_atomic_ratio: Ratio of %C to %N (atomic)\n 14. bulk_density: Bulk density (dry g wet cm-3)\n 15. LOI_550: Loss on ignition at 550 C (% organic matter; multiply by 100)\n 16. LOI_1000: Loss on ignition at 1000 C (% organic matter; multiply by 100)\n \n Missing Values: None\n Checksum values:\n 124 rows (with headers), 16 columns\n Column 3 (top_samp #): 12010\n Column 5 (top_cm): 31833.7\n Column 10 (%N): 161.05\n Column 15 (LOI_550): 38.63\n \n \n VI. Magnetic Susceptibility Data Files (file count: 3)\n \n Three files (Cuschk001-ch10-ms-char-data.csv, uschk001-ch10-ms-char-params.csv, uschk001-ch10-ms-char-results.csv, described below) provide the raw input data, the parameters used, and the output data for peak analysis of magnetic susceptibility (MS) data, using the program CharAnalysis (see Materials and Methods in main text, and web site https://sites.google.com/site/charanalysis/). The column headers for all files are the same as for charcoal analysis (CH10_char* files), but NOTE that the units for MS have been manipulated to be able to be used in CharAnalysis (see below).\n \n A. uschk001-ch10-ms-char-data.csv\n Raw input data\n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_MS_charData.csv.\n This file also contains the same content as the Data section of the Magnetic Susceptibility file for this dataset, locted at: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/uschk001.mag, minus the \"dummyVar\" column. \n \n This file Includes the following raw data (by column):\n 1. cmTop: top depth (cm) of the sample\n 2. cmBot: bottom depth (cm) of the sample\n 3. ageTop: estimated age at top of sample (cal. yr before CE 1950)\n 4. ageBot: estimated age at bottom of sample (cal. yr before CE 1950)\n 5. dummyVar: dummy variable set to 1, to facilitate use in CharAnalysis program\n 6. MS_shifted_trans: Shifted MS data (from col. 8), transformed by dividing by the sediment accumulation rate (cm/yr). Thus, when these transformed values are multiplied by the sediment accumulation rate (cm/yr), as done in CharAnalysis, the result is the transformed MS values (column 8).\n 7. MS_raw_SI: Raw magnetic susceptibility measurements (SI units)\n 8. MS_shifted: Raw MS values, shifted by adding the minimum values in MS_raw_SI to each value, such that the minimum value becomes 0. CharAnalysis cannot work with negative data.\n \n Missing values: None\n Checksum values:\n 1477 rows (with headers), 8 columns\n Column 3 (ageTop): 3970165\n Column 6 (setRate/MS): 0.3626761\n \n B. uschk001-ch10-ms-char-params.csv\n The parameters used\n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_MS_charParams.csv\n \n C. uschk001-ch10-ms-char-results.csv\n Output data for peak analysis of magnetic susceptibility (MS) data\n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_MS_charResults.csv.\n \n \n VII. Pollen Data Files (file count: 3) \n \n A. uschk001-ch10-pollen-counts.csv\n Raw pollen data reported as pollen counts\n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_PollenCounts.csv\n \n B. uschk001-ch10-pollen-counts.xls\n Raw pollen data reported as pollen counts (in Microsoft Excel format file)\n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_PollenCounts.xls\n This file also contains the same content as uschk001-ch10-pollen-counts.csv\n \n uschk001-ch10-pollen-counts.csv and uschk001-ch10-pollen-counts.xls (described above), include the following raw data (by column):\n 1. Sample_ID : Identification of sample, by lake (CH), year (07 or 10), core (1 or 2), and drive (A, B,C,...).\n 2. Sample_number: Sample number for each drive\n 3. Top_cm: Top depth of each sample (cm)\n 4. age_yrBP: Age of each sample, in calibrated years before present (CE 1950)\n 5. Pinus hap: Haploxilon Pinus pollen grains counted\n 6. Pinud dip: Diploxilon Pinus pollen grains counted\n 7. Pinus undiff: Undifferentiated Pinus pollen grains counted\n 8. Picea: Picea pollen grains counted 9...112: Column heads are the taxonomic identification for each pollen grain counted\n 9. Charcoal: NOT COUNTED\n 10. EU: Exotic pollen grains, added as spike.\n \n Missing values: NaN.\n Checksum values:\n 46 rows (with headers), 113 columns\n Column 2 (sample_number): 6143\n Column 4 (age_yrBP): 86683\n Column 10 (Pseudotsuga/Larix): 42\n Column 113 (EU): 8793\n \n C. uschk001-ch10-pollen-percentages.csv\n Pollen percentages\n This file contains the same content as Dunnette et al. 2014 Supporting Information, CH10_pollenPercentages.csv\n \n This file includes the following raw data (by column):\n 1. Sample_ID : Identification of sample, by lake (CH), year (07 or 10), core (1 or 2),\n and drive (A, B, C,...).\n 2. Sample_number: Sample number for each drive\n 3. Top_cm: Top depth of each sample (cm)\n 4. age_yrBP: Age of each sample, in calibrated years before present (CE 1950)\n 5. Pinus hap: Haploxilon Pinus pollen grains counted\n 6. Pinud dip: Diploxilon Pinus pollen grains counted\n 7. Pinus undiff: Undifferentiated Pinus pollen grains counted\n 8. Picea: Picea pollen grains counted 9...107: Columns heads are the taxonomic identification for each pollen grain counted\n \n Missing values: None.\n Checksum values:\n 46 rows (with headers), 106 columns\n Column 2 (sample_number): 6143\n Column 4 (age_yrBP): 86683\n Column 10 (Pseudotsuga/Larix): 12\n Column 102 (Nuphar): 13.19\n ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17791"}