{"NOAAStudyId":"20509","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-08-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"FIRE HISTORY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/fire-history","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-fire-20509.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":12340,"earliestYearCE":-10390,"entryId":"noaa-fire-20509","funding":[],"investigators":"Umbanhowar Jr., C.E.","mostRecentYearBP":-47,"mostRecentYearCE":1997,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20509","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Umbanhowar Jr., C.E., Camill, P., Geiss, C.E., and Teed, R."},"citation":"Umbanhowar Jr., C.E., Camill, P., Geiss, C.E., and Teed, R. 2006. Asymmetric vegetation responses to mid-Holocene aridity at the prairie-forest ecotone in south-central Minnesota. Quaternary Research, 66.1, 53-66. doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.03.005","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.yqres.2006.03.005","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.03.005"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Research","pages":"53-66","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2006,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Asymmetric vegetation responses to mid-Holocene aridity at the prairie-forest ecotone in south-central Minnesota","type":"publication","volume":"66.1"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Geiss, C.E., Banerjee, S.K., Camill, P., and Umbanhowar Jr., C.E."},"citation":"Geiss, C.E., Banerjee, S.K., Camill, P., and Umbanhowar Jr., C.E. 2004. Sediment-magnetic signature of land-use and drought as recorded in lake sediment from south-central Minnesota, USA. Quaternary Research, 62.2, 117-125. doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2004.06.009","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.yqres.2004.06.009","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.06.009"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Research","pages":"117-125","pubRank":"3","pubYear":2004,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Sediment-magnetic signature of land-use and drought as recorded in lake sediment from south-central Minnesota, USA","type":"publication","volume":"62.2"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Geiss, C.E., Umbanhowar, C.E.J., Camill, P., and Banerjee, S.K."},"citation":"Geiss, C.E., Umbanhowar, C.E.J., Camill, P., and Banerjee, S.K. 2003. Sediment magnetic properties reveal Holocene climate change along the Minnesota prairie-forest ecotone. Journal of Paleolimnology, 30, 151-166. doi: 10.1023/A:1025574100319","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1023/A:1025574100319","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025574100319"},"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Paleolimnology","pages":"151-166","pubRank":"4","pubYear":2003,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Sediment magnetic properties reveal Holocene climate change along the Minnesota prairie-forest ecotone","type":"publication","volume":"30"},{"abstract":"1 Treeline ecotones, such as the prairie-forest boundary, represent climatically sensitive regions where the relative abundance of vegetation types is controlled by complex interactions between climate and local factors. Responses of vegetation and fire to climate change may be tightly linked as a result of strong feedbacks among fuel production, vegetation structure and fire frequency/severity, but the importance of these feedbacks for controlling the stability of this ecotone is unclear.; \r\n2 In this study, we examined the prairie–forest ecotone in south-central Minnesota using two lake sediment cores to reconstruct independent records of climate, vegetation and fire over the past 12 500 years. Using pollen, charcoal, sediment magnetic analyses and LOI properties, we investigated whether fires were controlled directly by climate or indirectly by fuel production.; \r\n3 Sediment magnetic and LOI data suggest four broad climatic periods occurring c. 11 350-8250 BP (cool/humid), c. 8250-4250 BP (warm/dry)c. 4250-2450 BP (warm/humid), and c. 2450-0 BP (cool/humid), indicating that, since the mid-Holocene, climate has shifted towards wetter conditions favouring greater in-lake production and fuel production on the landscape.; \r\n4 The area surrounding both lakes was characterized by boreal forest c. 12 500-10 000 BP, changing to an Ulmus-Ostrya forest c. 10 000-9000 BP, changing to a community dominated by prairie (Poaceae-Ambrosia-Artemisia) and deciduous forest taxa c. 8000-4250 BP, and finally shifting to a Quercus-dominated woodland/savanna beginning c. 4250-3000 BP. ; \r\n5 Charcoal influx increased from an average of 0.11-0.62 mm2/cm2/yr  during the early Holocene forest period (c . 11 350-8250 BP) to 1.71-3.36 mm2/cm2/yr during the per iod of prairie expansion (c. 8250–4250 BP) and again increased to 4.18–4.90 mm2/cm2/yr at the start of the woodland/savanna period (c. 4250 BP).; \r\n6 As a result of the influence of climate on community composition and fuel productivity, changes in fire severity may be the result and not the cause of shifts in vegetation.\r\n","author":{"name":"Camill, P., Umbanhowar, C.E., Jr., Teed, R., Geiss, C.E., Aldinger, J., Dvorak, L., Kenning, J., Limmer, J., and Walkup, K."},"citation":"Camill, P., Umbanhowar, C.E., Jr., Teed, R., Geiss, C.E., Aldinger, J., Dvorak, L., Kenning, J., Limmer, J., and Walkup, K. 2003. Late-glacial and Holocene climatic effects on fire and vegetation dynamics at the prairie-forest ecotone in south-central Minnesota\r\n. Journal of Ecology, 91, 822-836. ","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Ecology","pages":"822-836","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2003,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Late-glacial and Holocene climatic effects on fire and vegetation dynamics at the prairie-forest ecotone in south-central Minnesota\r\n","type":"publication","volume":"91"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56861","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["44.21902","-93.84009"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-93.84009","maxElevationMeters":"314","minElevationMeters":"314","northernmostLatitude":"44.21902","southernmostLatitude":"44.21902","westernmostLongitude":"-93.84009"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Minnesota","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31239","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>charcoal sediment"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/uskbp001.txt","linkText":"uskbp001.txt","urlDescription":"Charcoal Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment>wet sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"milliliter","cvWhat":"physical property>volume"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"> 180 um","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"square centimeter per milliliter","cvWhat":"biological material>bulk biological material>charcoal"}]}],"dataTableName":"USKBP001-CHAR","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":12340,"earliestYearBP":12340,"earliestYearCE":-10390,"mostRecentYear":-47,"mostRecentYearBP":-47,"mostRecentYearCE":1997,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Kimble Pond, south-central, MN, USA"}],"studyCode":"USKBP001","studyName":"Umbanhowar fire data from Kimble Pond, Minnesota - IMPD USKBP001","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"18325"}