{"NOAAStudyId":"9832","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-08-10","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"FIRE HISTORY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/fire-history","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-fire-9832.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":535,"earliestYearCE":1415,"entryId":"noaa-fire-9832","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Arizona Army National Guard","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Fulé, P.Z.; Covington, W.W.; Moore, M.M.","mostRecentYearBP":-44,"mostRecentYearCE":1994,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9832","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The fire disturbance regime and forest  structure prior to Euro-American settlement (AD 1883) of a southwestern ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) landscape were quantified in order to establish reference conditions as a baseline for ecosystem management.  The mean presettlement fire interval between 1637 and 1883 was 3.7 yr for all fires and 6.5 yr for widespread fires, but fire has been excluded from the study area since 1883.  Forest density increased under fire exclusion from an average of 148 trees/ha in 1883 (65 pines, 80 oaks, three other species), an open forest dominated by relatively large ponderosa pines, to 1265 trees/ha in 1994/1995 (720 pines, 471 oaks, 74 others), a dense forest characterized by relatively small and young trees. Species composition has shifted toward greater dominance by Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) and conifers less adapted to frequent fires: white fir (Abies concolor) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). The reference presettlement conditions can be applied to management of this ecosystem in two ways.  First, reference conditions are a benchmark against which to evaluate contemporary conditions and future alternatives. The comparison shows that the contemporary forest is well above the range of presettlement variability in forest density, and both live and dead fuel structures have developed that can support high-intensity wildfire. Second, reference conditions can serve as a goal for ecological restoration treatments.","author":null,"citation":"Fulé, P.Z., M.M. Moore, and W.W. Covington.  1997.  Determining reference conditions for ecosystem management of southwestern ponderosa pine forests.  Ecological Applications 7(3):895-908.\n","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Ecological Applications","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":1997,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Determining reference conditions for ecosystem management of southwestern ponderosa pine forests","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson","PIPO","western yellow pine","ponderosa pine"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"31363","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["35.25","-111.866"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-111.866","maxElevationMeters":"2134","minElevationMeters":"2134","northernmostLatitude":"35.25","southernmostLatitude":"35.25","westernmostLongitude":"-111.866"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Arizona","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"18718","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/fire-hist-graphs/uscnv001-fire-hist-graph.pdf","linkText":"uscnv001-fire-hist-graph.pdf","urlDescription":"Fire History Graph","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/fire-hist-graphs/uscnv001-fire-hist-graph.png","linkText":"uscnv001-fire-hist-graph.png","urlDescription":"Fire History Graph","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/uscnv001.fhx","linkText":"uscnv001.fhx","urlDescription":"Fire Scar Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"FHX2 data format; refer to IMPD documentation for description of codes","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":"biological material>tissue>wood","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"formation property>event layer>tree demographic and injury and fire event code"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>fire history>fire scar dates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/uscnv001.txt","linkText":"uscnv001.txt","urlDescription":"More Information","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"FHX2 data format; refer to IMPD documentation for description of codes","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":"biological material>tissue>wood","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"formation property>event layer>tree demographic and injury and fire event code"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"USCNV001","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1415,"earliestYearBP":535,"earliestYearCE":1415,"mostRecentYear":1994,"mostRecentYearBP":-44,"mostRecentYearCE":1994,"species":[{"commonName":["ponderosa pine","western yellow pine"],"scientificName":"Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson","speciesCode":"PIPO"}],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Camp Navajo"}],"studyCode":"USCNV001","studyName":"Fulé fire data from Camp Navajo - IMPD USCNV001","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"8764"}